By 1917, the Romanov dynasty had been in decline for a number of years, but their inefficient decisions during World War I finished them off. When the Petrograd garrison mutinied, Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate. A provisional government was formed to take over the running of the country, but the Bolsheviks had considerable support among factories and military units around Petrograd. The Provisional Government was weak and divided and unable to cope with the continuing conflict as well as the poverty and starvation affecting the general population. The Soviets (which the Bolsheviks were just one faction of) succeeded in undermining the efforts of the provisional government. When the Bolsheviks staged their coup in October, the government was unable to stop them and promptly collapsed.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Russian-Revolution
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