Monday, April 27, 2015

What are some of the barriers to self-reliance in “Self-Reliance” by Emerson?

According to Emerson, some of the barriers to self-reliance are:
The Overwhelming Need To Conform In Order To Fit In
In his treatise, Emerson contends that society is a "joint-stock company, in which the members agree, for the better securing of his bread to each shareholder, to surrender the liberty and culture of the eater." The need to conform is especially strong, because membership in such a society confers certain benefits. These benefits may either be material or abstract in nature; nevertheless, they are "real" benefits people value.
Thus, Emerson argues that conformity is the enemy of self-reliance. He maintains that conformity "loves not realities and creators, but names and customs."
A Society That Confers Respectability On Those Who Abide By Its Strictures
By extension, Emerson argues that society is perhaps the greatest barrier to self-reliance. When people conform to societal expectations, society confers on them social respectability. Emerson complains that this unfairly gives an "angry bigot" a good reputation (albeit one he does not deserve).

If an angry bigot assumes this bountiful cause of Abolition, and comes to me with his last news from Barbadoes, why should I not say to him, "Go love thy infant; love thy wood-chopper: be good-natured and modest: have that grace; and never varnish your hard, uncharitable ambition with this incredible tenderness for black folk a thousand miles off. Thy love afar is spite at home."

Emerson argues that social respectability hides many evils, so to speak. He especially resents the fact that society gets to decide the definition of a "good" man. For his part, Emerson sees no reason to give to "miscellaneous popular charities" and the "thousandfold Relief Societies" that confer respectability on anyone who donates. Emerson will only align with those who share his spiritual values:

I tell thee, thou foolish philanthropist, that I grudge the dollar, the dime, the cent, I give to such men as do not belong to me and to whom I do not belong. There is a class of persons to whom by all spiritual affinity I am bought and sold; for them I will go to prison, if need be.

The Almost Overpowering Need For Consistency
According to Emerson, the need for consistency is another barrier to self-reliance. He suggests that people are motivated by their need for consistency. Our nature is drawn to the familiar. We trust in our social, political, and religious institutions because they fill our need for uniformity and stability. In contrast, self-reliance is seen as a position that embraces volatility; this is unsettling to many people.
However, Emerson argues for self-reliance anyway. He contends that each individual is capable of greatness.

Why all this deference to Alfred, and Scanderbeg, and Gustavus? Suppose they were virtuous; did they wear out virtue? As great a stake depends on your private act to-day, as followed their public and renowned steps. When private men shall act with original views, the lustre will be transferred from the actions of kings to those of gentlemen.

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