Friday, July 15, 2016

How was Manifest Destiny represented visually?

Perhaps the most iconic visual representation of Manifest Destiny is John Gast's 1872 painting American Progress. It illustrates Manifest Destiny in the context of expansion into the western frontier. Columbia, a symbol long associated with the Americas, is depicted as a woman in a white dress leading the progressive path of western development. She carries a textbook and is trailing behind her a string of telegraph wire, followed by other symbols of western expansion and progress, such as the railroad.
We see other figures such as settlers and farmers moving westward with her, and there are other forms of transportation like the stagecoach and a horse-drawn wagon in the foreground. Scattering in the wake of this movement of "civilization" westward are a herd of buffalo, a bear, and a deer. These certainly symbolize the conquest and taming of nature. In this same light the painting features a group of apprehensive Native Americans fleeing the arrival of western settlers.
There are doubtless other depictions of Manifest Destiny. In the later nineteenth and early twentieth century one sees frequent caricatures of American imperial ambition in the form of newspaper cartoons, but few images are as iconic as American Progress.

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