There are 7 total soliloquies in Hamlet, out of those seven, 3 are in Act I & Act II. Before analyzing the importance of a soliloquy it is very important to understand what a soliloquy is.
In the most general terms, a soliloquy is an opportunity for the author to share a personal insight or secret with the audience. A character will address the audience and give more information that the other characters are not privy to.
You will find Hamlet's first soliloquy in Act I, Scene 2 lines 333 to 336, "O that this too too solid flesh would melt ... must hold my tongue!" In this particular soliloquy, Hamlet discusses how upset he is about his mother's quick remarriage to his uncle after his father's death. This can be considered one of the most important because Hamlet's negative reaction to their marriage sets off many of the actions of the play. His distaste for his mother's decision and the haste in which his mother and uncle were married make Hamlet question their motives and the true cause of his father's death.
The second soliloquy can be found in Act I, Scene 5 lines 92 to 110, "O all you host of heaven ... it may be so in Denmark." Here Hamlet has just been visited by the ghost of his father and been given the task of avenging the king's death. In the soliloquy, Hamlet discusses his anger and the nauseating fact that his uncle murdered his father. He also expresses more and more hatred towards his mother. This can be considered an important moment because his feelings of anger towards his mother and uncle are warranted through the knowledge that they had something to do with his father's death.
The final soliloquy to consider is in Act II, Scene 2 lines 508 to 567, "Now I am alone ... Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the king." Hamlet is angry with himself because he feels he should seek revenge for his father's death, but he cannot bring himself to do it without more solid proof. He has decided to have a play presented to his uncle in which Hamlet will add a speech describing his father's death. Hamlet will observe his uncle for any reaction to the scene presented him. This soliloquy could be considered important because this is the moment Hamlet realizes he needs to make a decision about whether he should trust his vision or not. He also feels guilt and anger because he cannot follow through with his plans to avenge his father's death.
In general, any and all soliloquies are going to be pretty important because they give us a chance to let us peer into the minds of characters: to see their real thoughts and feelings, regardless of what they do or say to other characters. Hamlet's first soliloquy is in act 1, scene 2 (lines 129-159), after his stepfather/uncle has rejected his request to return to school in Wittenberg. He seems to be considering suicide, but he knows that it goes against God's laws, and this prevents him from acting. His life feels tired and pointless to him, and he cannot bring himself to care about the world; he sounds incredibly depressed. Hamlet sees the world as an overgrown garden, full of weeds and rot. Further, he expresses his upset about his mother's marriage, an event that took place fewer than two months after his father's death. Comparing his father to his uncle, Hamlet calls them "Hyperion" and a "satyr" respectively (1.2.140); in this way, he means to glorify his father, comparing him to an immortal Titan, and to insult his uncle, comparing him to a half-man/half-animal. Hamlet goes on to call his mother weak and lusty. Describing her, he says, "O most wicked speed, to post / With such dexterity to incestuous sheets!" (1.2.155-156). Here, then, we learn about all of the causes of Hamlet's attitude toward his uncle and mother, and about his own mental state: he is nursing grief, anger, and resentment.
Another important soliloquy is delivered by Hamlet in act 2, scene 2 (lines 526-584), not long after the actors arrive in Elsinore. In this speech, Hamlet compares himself to an actor who has just shown more emotion in a scene than Hamlet has in his real life, with real reasons to feel. He wonders "Am I a coward?" and concludes that he has certainly acted like one (2.2.547). He feels driven to his "revenge by heaven and hell," and yet he has made no real progress in it (2.2.562). Toward the end of this speech, Hamlet finally formulates a plan to ascertain his uncle's guilt by having the actors "Play something like the murder of [his] father" so that he can observe Claudius's response (2.2.573). This soliloquy is quite significant because it allows us to get another glimpse into Hamlet's mental state as well as to understand his plan and his new resolve.
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