Why did the development of agriculture lead to social classes in human societies?

The Neolithic (or Agricultural) Revolution began approximately 12,000 years ago and brought with it the transition to agriculture and animal husbandry. This was accompanied by a significant improvement in food storage due to the invention of pottery that created sufficient surpluses of food to allow rapid growth in the human population. This led to the emergence of relatively large settlements that existed for hundreds and sometimes thousands of years in the same place. In the later part of the Neolithic period, some of these settlements, such as Catal Huyuk in Asia Minor, formed the first towns with several thousands of people living together in close proximity.
The development of stable settlements led to substantial growth in cultural continuity and created a new level of social complexity requiring more administration. Prominent individuals and groups acquired substantial social and cultural capital in the form of connections and experience; they were then able to leverage this to acquire larger shares of their community’s resources. This development led to social specialization, differentiation, and inequality—especially resulting in status and class divisions.
The appearance of gold and silver jewelry during the later part of the Neolithic period indicates the quest to emphasize status distinctions. Archeologists discovered that later Neolithic graves differed greatly depending on the wealth and status of the people buried in them.