Thursday, August 30, 2012

Can I get a close reading of the beginning of chapter 13 in the French Lieutenant's Woman?

Chapter 13 begins with a long digression on the nature of the story Fowles is writing. He argues that the story is a work of the imagination, but he speculates that his book might be a book of essays, or an autobiography instead. The problem Fowles is getting at here is the nature and motivation of his characters. He argues that his characters are autonomous; even though he is the author (he is thus “god-like” and omniscient), things in his book do not go according to plan. One example is Charles’s decision to leave Sarah and return to the dairy, even though the author “ordered” him to return to town. Fowles writes, “I must respect it [Charles’ decision], and disrespect all my quasi-divine plans for him, if I wish him to be real. In other words, to be free myself, I must give him, and Tina, and Sarah, even the abominable Mrs. Poulteney, their freedom as well. There is only one good definition of God: the freedom that allows other freedoms to exist. And I must conform to that definition.” Whatever the impulse that resulted in Charles going to the dairy, Fowles sees the role of the author as allowing such indeterminacy to occur. This calls into question the primacy of authorial intent in the book and suggests that the novel is actually a negotiation between the many different subjectivities or “voices” in the work. If each character is truly autonomous, then the question becomes this: "which subjectivity (if any) is telling the truth?" Is Sarah’s fall from the window her decision, or Fowles’s decision? The point of this part of the chapter is to call into question the “reliability” of both the author and the story he is telling.

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