How can I analyze and compare the role and significance of deceit in Shakespeare's Macbeth and Ibsen's A Doll's House?

To compare the role of deceit in these two plays, you can look at the ways in which the characters of both texts deceive others. For example, Macbeth invites King Duncan to his house as his guest—only to then murder him. He continues his deception by pinning the blame on Duncan's sons. He later deceives Lady Macbeth by acting without her consent, arranging the murders of both Banquo and Macduff's family, two acts which Lady Macbeth views as risky.
Compare this to Nora, the protagonist of A Doll's House. She deceives her husband by borrowing money in his name and then keeps this secret from him, leaving him vulnerable to blackmail by Krogstad. It could be argued that her husband Torvald also engages in deception, refusing to recognize Nora's intelligence and the hard decisions she has made for him—all because that would challenge his preconceived ideas about who Nora is.