What were the political characteristics of the Renaissance period?

     The Renaissance is associated with expansive cultural production and advances in the arts and sciences, however, the political economy that allowed the arts and sciences to flourish was rather regressive from today’s point of view. Here are some characteristics of the political system:
Nation states did not exist. Instead, the Holy Roman Empire covered a vast territory across Europe (from Italy to Northern Germany)
The Holy Roman Empire was headed by the Emperor, who was selected by the Pope
The territory of the Holy Roman Empire was subdivided into smaller territories, cities, and towns that were ruled by monarchs and princes
Absolutism was the form of government (e.g., Louis XIV of France). Absolutism is a form of government in which one ruler enjoys absolute power over his subjects (people).
Cities and towns enjoyed a relatively high degree of freedom and autonomy.
Cities and towns were lively centers of trade, wealth, the arts and sciences.
Wealth was an important indicator of political power; several wealthy and politically influential families emerged during the Renaissance.