Thursday, May 21, 2015

I am having trouble understanding chapter 1 of Beauty by Roger Scruton. Can you give some ideas or a summary as to what points he is making?

In this chapter of Beauty: A Very Short Introduction, Scruton tries to understand what beauty is. He asks the following question: "Why do we call certain things beautiful, and what frame of mind are we trying to express by doing so?"
He first argues that beauty is not always the same as goodness or truth, as beauty can be a myth. While Plato and some elements of Christian thought equate beauty with truth, this is not always accurate, as beauty can have what he refers to as a "subversive nature" (2). The author also questions the conclusions of Aquinas, who also equated beauty with truth.
To test his own idea, Scruton uses various platitudes about beauty and examines what they say about beauty. He concludes that there is a comparative element of beauty and that beauty can be self-defeating, as one can have too much of a good thing. Beauty, he writes, is part of "another and more exalted realm" (11). Our attempt to describe beauty is to give a sense of its effect on people but not to describe the qualities that give rise to this effect.
The author then defines two aspects of beauty. He writes that these two aspects are aesthetic success (for example, a picture that makes us breathless with its sheer beauty) and "a certain kind of aesthetic success" (13). He writes that beauty is based on the individual object that one regards as beautiful (for example, if one finds a fruit beautiful in a bowl, the other fruit in the bowl may not seem as beautiful to us). He also writes that beauty is not always tied directly to the senses, and then he produces a tentative definition of beauty as something that we gain pleasure from when appreciating it as an object "for its own sake, and in its presented form" (21). That is, we look upon something as beautiful because we appreciate it for its own sake and not for its utility.
Finally, the author examines the theories of Kant to the effect that beauty involves a kind of disinterest; we look upon something of beauty with a kind of curiosity and attempt to understand it. When we declare something beautiful, we are making an objective rather than subjective decision because we are describing the object itself and not our feelings about it.

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