Friday, July 24, 2015

How are Toussaint Louverture and Nat Turner similar and different?

Both Louverture and Turner were leaders of rebellions by enslaved people. Apart from this, and the fact that both were of African descent, there are probably more differences between the two men, and their individual stories, than there are similarities. The latter, however, are significant.
Louverture's revolutionary activities took place over a period of more than a decade. The large-scale rebellion of the enslaved people of Saint-Domingue (Haiti) began in 1791 and eventually succeeded in abolishing slavery and creating an independent country under the leadership of African American (or African West-Indian) people. Louverture was a participant in and then leader of this movement. He fought with or against the European powers, and was involved in negotiations with them and, through emissaries, the US administration of John Adams in 1798. Unfortunately, Louverture was arrested by the French in 1802 and transported to prison in France, where he died the following year.
Nat Turner's rebellion was by contrast a brief and unsuccessful action. He believed he had received visions from God, and that his mission was to free the enslaved people of Virginia and the US as a whole. The uprising was premature, for it was unrealistic to believe that sufficient numbers of enslaved people and free African Americans could be recruited in the 1830's to take part in it. The rebellion was quickly put down and Turner was arrested within just over two months after it began.
In spite of these differences, both Louverture and Turner became symbols of freedom and were extolled in the collective consciousness of progressive people in general, and in European and American literature. Wordsworth's sonnet on Louverture expresses the tragedy of his ultimate fate, and William Styron's novel about Turner, though a controversial work, has made Turner's story familiar to many who might otherwise have known nothing about him. A final similarity between Louverture and Turner is that both ended up defeated despite their accomplishments. Louverture died in prison, probably of natural causes, and Turner was hanged less than two weeks after being arrested.

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