The many similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts make more sense, and will be easier to remember, if considered in the context of where they came from. Our current understanding of their origin is the endosymbiotic theory, which says that they originated as prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by eukaryotic cells and developed a symbiotic relationship with their host cells. Mitochondria were once prokaryotes that were able to use oxygen, and chloroplasts were once photosynthetic prokaryotes. A difference between them is that mitochondria are found in all eukaryotic cells, while chloroplasts are present only in some.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane. According to the endosymbiotic theory, the inner membrane is derived from the cell membrane of the ancestral prokaryote and the outer membrane from the cell membrane of the host cell during phagocytosis.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce in the cytoplasm by cell division. If they are removed from the cell, the cell is not able to make more.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is ring-shaped like a bacterial plasmid, and their own apparatus for synthesizing proteins.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts are found only in eukaryotic cells and never in prokaryotic cells (mitochondria are in all eukaryotic cells, while chloroplasts are only in some, those of plants and some protists).
Finally, the roles of the two organelles are almost the reverse of one another. Both convert energy from one form to another. In photosynthesis, chloroplasts use energy from the sun to combine carbon dioxide and water, making high-energy glucose and releasing oxygen. In cellular respiration, mitochondria use the products of glycolysis (anaerobic cleaving of glucose) and oxygen to generate ATP, a molecule capable of supplying energy for a variety of functions in the cell. In the process, they produce carbon dioxide and water.
The similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts all derive from their common origin as prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells and continued to live in symbiosis with them.
Yes, chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar to each other. There are massive differences between the two and what they do, but it is possible to find similarities between them. The following are 8 similarities that can be found between mitochondria and chloroplasts.
They are both organelles found in eukaryotic cells; however, they are not both found in every kind of eukaryotic cell.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts both convert energy from one type to another.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts do chemical reactions that involve varying amounts of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Both organelles are surrounded by a double membrane.
Although the processes of each organelle are different, both mitochondria and chloroplasts make use of an electron transport chain.
Both organelles contain some DNA.
The DNA contained in these organelles is not identical to the DNA found in the cell's nucleus.
The DNA in both organelles is circular.
https://owlcation.com/stem/Comparison-and-Contrast-Between-Chloroplasts-and-Mitochondria
https://sciencing.com/differences-between-mitochondria-chloroplasts-structure-8433003.html
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