The control of nuclear fusion in order to harness its energy is an extremely challenging task that we have been struggling to achieve ever since its theoretical conception by Houtermans in 1929. There are many, many problems in controlling the mechanisms for nuclear fusion, so I will briefly talk about some of the accomplishments that we have managed to achieve so far.
First tokamaks are currently the most promising method for controlling fusion. There have been several advances in recent decades:
1997 - The JET tokamak in the UK set the current world record for the most fusion power produced, 16 MW.
1998 - The JT-60 tokamak in Japan set the current world record for Q with Q=1.25. Q is called the gain factor and is the ratio of fusion power to the power needed to maintain the plasma in a stead state. Q=1 is referred to break even.
2013 - East tokamak sets the world record for plasma confinement in the high confinement mode, 30 seconds.
While these examples of controlling fusion have been with magnetic confinement techniques there are others that are used.
For example, Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) heat and compresses a target to the point of fusion. The most successful ICF devices almost always use lasers. In 2014 the NIF in California used an ICF device to extract more energy from controlled nuclear fusion than was absorbed by the fuel to trigger it. They are the only facility to achieve a 'fuel energy gain' via nuclear fusion.
ICF conditions are very similar to those created in a thermonuclear weapon. In fact the largest bombs in existence, hydrogen bombs, heat and compress materials with a fission primary explosion. Then this initiates a fusion reaction that releases a tremendous amount of energy. ICF may pave the way for a 'pure fusion weapon'. This is when no primary fission reaction is required and therefore no radioactive material is needed to build the weapon. This would then reduce fallout from radioactive damage after the blast.
As you can see the power to control nuclear fusion has already come far on a long road that will certainly be of importance in the future.
http://www.nature.com/news/laser-fusion-experiment-extracts-net-energy-from-fuel-1.14710?error=cookies_not_supported&code=57221b99-1d1d-4ea2-bca6-9d6eef3b8dab
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_nuclear_fusion
Monday, November 17, 2014
How controllable is nuclear fusion?
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
Summarize the major research findings of "Toward an experimental ecology of human development."
Based on findings of prior research, the author, Bronfenbrenner proposes that methods for natural observation research have been applied in ...
-
One way to support this thesis is to explain how these great men changed the world. Indeed, Alexander the Great (356–323 BC) was the quintes...
-
Polysyndeton refers to using several conjunctions in a row to achieve a dramatic effect. That can be seen in this sentence about the child: ...
-
Both boys are very charismatic and use their charisma to persuade others to follow them. The key difference of course is that Ralph uses his...
-
At the most basic level, thunderstorms and blizzards are specific weather phenomena that occur most frequently within particular seasonal cl...
-
Equation of a tangent line to the graph of function f at point (x_0,y_0) is given by y=y_0+f'(x_0)(x-x_0). The first step to finding eq...
-
Population policy is any kind of government policy that is designed to somehow regulate or control the rate of population growth. It include...
-
Gulliver cooperates with the Lilliputians because he is so interested in them. He could, obviously, squash them underfoot, but he seems to b...
No comments:
Post a Comment