How did mining affect immigration?

Many new immigrants came to the United States to work as miners, some hoping to become wealthy and some simply looking for steady work.
When gold was discovered in California in 1848, the news attracted immigrants from all over the world. People from Germany, Ireland, Turkey, France, Chile, Mexico, and China all came to California to mine for gold, causing the population of San Francisco to rise from 1,000 to 20,000 in just two years. Hostility toward immigrant miners led to discriminatory laws such as the Foreign Miners Tax and the Chinese Exclusion Act, both of which were intended to discourage Chinese involvement in gold mining.
Coal mines in Appalachia and elsewhere attracted immigrants looking for work. Many of these immigrants came from Eastern or Southern Europe, such as the Polish, Hungarian, and Italian miners hired by the Kentucky coal mines beginning in the 1880s. Some immigrant coal miners came from other parts of Europe such as Ireland, although the mining companies were sometimes wary of the Irish laborers because of their reputation for radical labor organizing.
Other types of mining also attracted immigrants, such as the Swedish, Finnish, English, Norwegian, Italian, and Austro-Hungarian miners who came to Minnesota's Iron Range in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Between 1885 and 1920, the population of the Iron Range grew from about 5,000 to about 100,000, with approximately half of the total being immigrants. Although the miners came from more than thirty different nations, Eastern and Southern Europe were especially heavily represented.
http://iia.uky.edu/immigrantsinthecoalfields

https://library.harvard.edu/resource-not-available

https://www.minnpost.com/mnopedia/2015/09/how-immigrants-shaped-iron-range/