Do plants have blood?

Plants don't have blood, at least not in the same way that vertebrate animals do.
Blood is a specific element of the circulatory system, so it would probably be more informative to start with a more generalized question like "Do plants have a circulatory system?" If you consider a circulatory system to be something that allows the plant to move nutrients and wastes across a large portion of the organism, then, yes, you could consider vascular plants to have a sort of circulatory system. However, plants don't have specialized cells dedicated to transport in the same way that our blood does, and their circulatory systems are relatively low-pressure and powered more by solvent effects than by direct force like vessel constriction or a heart.
The primary purpose of our blood is to be able to move oxygen and carbon dioxide around our bodies efficiently. Plants don't need to do this because they absorb and release carbon dioxide almost directly from each individual photosynthesizing cell. Therefore we can say that plants have neither a literal nor an analogous version of blood, as we typically define it.
https://msu.edu/~walwort8/

https://www.northcountrypublicradio.org/news/story/5626/20151203/do-plants-have-blood

What traits does the sniper exhibit after being wounded?

After the sniper is shot in his right forearm, he demonstrates composure and illustrates his practical nature by immediately dressing the wound. During this entire ordeal, the sniper shows his determination and tough personality by overcoming the extreme pain in order to clean his wound.
After dressing the wound, the sniper reveals his innovative, clever nature by placing his helmet over his rifle and slowly holding it above the parapet where the enemy sniper can see it. He successfully deceives the enemy sniper, who shoots the helmet off the rifle, believing that he has killed the Republican sniper.
The sniper then reveals his patience and demonstrates his skill as a marksman by shooting the enemy sniper. After killing the enemy, the sniper shows his sensitive, raw personality by cursing the war and throwing his revolver. The sniper then demonstrates his curiosity by leaving the rooftop to identify the person he killed and tragically discovers that the enemy sniper was his brother.

After being shot by his enemy, the sniper exhibits a number of traits. Firstly, he shows his self-reliant and practical nature by attending to his injury. He removes his sleeve, for example, cleans the wound with iodine and then dresses it. This also shows that he is a strong person because he does this in spite of the pain it causes.
Secondly, the sniper also shows himself to be very resourceful when he develops a plan to escape from the roof. His plan shows great ingenuity: he puts a cap on the top of his rifle and tricks the enemy into believing that he is the rifle.
Finally, the sniper also demonstrates curiosity. After seeing the body of his enemy on the ground, the sniper is curious to learn more about his identity. In a tragic twist, however, the enemy is, in fact, the sniper's own brother.

According to Marx in The Communist Manifesto, what is the relationship between revolution and violence?

For Marx, the relationship between violence and revolution is one of necessity. Quite simply, he believed that if the bourgeoisie would not voluntarily hand over the means of production, then the proletariat would have to take it from them violently. This is shown clearly in the closing paragraph of chapter 2 when Marx talks about taking "by force" the bourgeoisie's power:

If the proletariat during its contest with the bourgeoisie is compelled, by the force of circumstances, to organize itself as a class, if, by means of a revolution, it makes itself the ruling class.

In addition, in the final paragraph of chapter 4, Marx makes another allusion to violent revolution, as part of a call to action to those who are reading this pamphlet:

They openly declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions.

What we find, then, is that Marx advocates violent revolution. For him, violence is an acceptable means of revolution if it guarantees his desired outcome. That desired outcome is the abolition of private property and all class distinctions across the world.
In other words, if the proletariat wants to take power, they must be prepared to use violence in order to make this possible.

Why is the fence a significant symbol in The Boy in the Striped Pajamas by John Boyne?

In The Boy in the Striped Pajamas, the fence is a significant symbol because fences are always a means of separation and containment.
Often, too, fences are a means of preventing that which is behind it from entering one's property or interfering with one's privacy. During the Nazi regime, Jews were removed from Germany after several restrictions and taxes were placed upon them. Their property and money were confiscated, and they were removed from Poland and other countries in which the Nazis exerted control. Placed in concentration camps such as Auschwitz--Out-With, as Bruno thinks it is called--they were contained behind barbed-wire fences that are topped with concertina wire, as well.

Huge wooden posts, like telegraph poles, dotted along it, holding it up. At the top of the fence enormous bales of barbed wire were tangled in spirals, and Gretel felt an unexpected pain inside her as she looked at the sharp spikes sticking out all the way around it. (Ch.4)

It is apparent to the children that whoever is behind the fence that is topped with this concertina wire (often called "razor wire") so that no escape is possible are treated as less than human beings. It is also apparent from the distance of this fenced area that there should be no contact made with whomever is contained within this area. Bruno and his sister may assume that those inside this type of fence may be inferior, criminal, not the same, or even dangerous in some way to those on the outside.

What are the day six stories all about in The Decameron? What message is Giovanni Boccaccio sending?

The Florentine chosen to set the topic of stories on day six is Elissa, who determines that they will tell tales of characters who use clever rhetoric to avoid sticky situations or to succeed. As with the other ten days, there are ten stories told on day six, too many to address in detail here.  But a look at one of the most famous, “Friar Onion,” might demonstrate quite well the message Giovanni Boccaccio is suggesting to readers.  Although it is definitely a tale of satire on the church, like several other stories of The Decameron, it also adheres to the day six theme of characters using their intelligence and witty rhetoric to escape embarrassing situations.   
Friar Onion, a traveling monk/preacher who has ingratiated himself amongst the naive parishioners of the little hamlet of Certaldo, has intrigued his audience with promises of a glimpse of a holy relic--a feather from the Angel Gabriel.  He intends to preach a story designed to trick the villagers into giving him (the church) more money than they can probably afford to give.  When he pulls out the relic, he realizes that several of his fellow monks have played a trick on him, replacing his parrot feather with a lump of coal. Hiding it quickly, he immediately launches into a colorful story designed to mislead the unsophisticated crowd.  He convinces them that in a miracle, the feather has been replaced with “the coals on which the blessed martyr Saint Lawrence was roasted.”  And it just so happens to be the feast of Saint Lawrence in two days.  In fact, for a little extra money, each parishioner can receive the mark of the cross with the coal as a protective blessing. In the end, Friar Onion’s quick wit and skill with language allow him to not only escape the embarrassing trick but to actually fill the coffers even more than he would have with his original sermon.
The satire on the church here is clear, but in keeping with the other “day six” tales, it also celebrates human intelligence.  Boccaccio suggests that those who apply their quick wit and skills with rhetoric (whether moral or not) simply gain more out of life, while those who fail to think for themselves, like the villagers in “Friar Onion,” often have no one to blame for their folly but themselves.
http://sites.fas.harvard.edu/~chaucer/special/authors/boccaccio/boc-6-10.html

How did the Civil Right Movement in the U.S. inspire activism in Australia?

In the 1950s, Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islands in Australia began to fight for civil rights. At that time, some states had laws that excluded Aborigines from citizenship, and other state laws decreed where they could live, where they could go, and who they could marry. Some Aborigines were not even the legal guardians of their children, and local policemen decided on their wages and paid them. The Aborigines' and Torres Strait Islanders' campaign for civil rights began when the 1956 report in the Western Australian Parliament on the state of the Aboriginal people in the Warburton Ranges was tabled. The press leaked the results of the report, which showed malnutrition, disease, and health problems among the Aborigines. In addition, the Australian desert had been used to test British nuclear weapons. In response to these conditions, activists launched a campaign to force the government to improve conditions for Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders.
The campaign included the efforts of the Aborigines Advancement League with the work of figures such as Sir Douglas Nicholls, who would go on to become the first Aboriginal person to hold vice-regal office. Activists in the movement, such as Charles Perkins (who was the first Aboriginal person to graduate from a university in Australia) implemented tactics that he borrowed from the U.S. Civil Rights Movement. He led a Freedom Ride in 1965 though New South Wales to protest the ways Aboriginal people were treated and the discrimination they faced in education, housing, and healthcare. These rides were inspired by the U.S. Freedom Rides in 1961. He also tried to get into a swimming pool that barred Aborigines, a tactic also used by the American Civil Rights Movement. Finally, in 1967, a referendum was held that resulted in changing the Australian constitution, revoking the right of the government to legislate for Aborigines as a group and thereby recognizing them as citizens and giving them voting rights. 

How does marketing impact consumerism?

Marketing exists to instill in the mind of consumers the need or desire for products or services that those consumers might otherwise ignore. By advertising under the most favorable conditions possible for their products, businesses hope to entice consumers to purchase those products or services. The use of the phrase "under the most favorable conditions possible" is intended to illuminate the manipulative processes advertisers use to influence consumer decisions. "Fast food" companies such as McDonalds and Burger King, for example, use television and print advertising that depicts their products in the most enticing manner possible. Photographs of cheeseburgers or video images of individuals consuming cheeseburgers invariably show exaggerated images of the actual product for the purpose of influencing consumer eating habits. Similarly, manufacturers of cleaning supplies manipulate images to give the impression that those supplies work much better than is likely the case.
Tens of billions of dollars are spent every year by advertisers for the sole purpose of instilling in the minds of consumers positive images of products and services. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control, for instance, calculates that the tobacco industry alone spends well-over $8 billion per year advertising cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products. All of that money is spent for the purpose of convincing consumers to use those products. That is considered by executives of the companies in question money well-spent. And, that is the point of marketing: businesses anticipate that a good marketing campaign will increase consumer sales. The success of many such campaigns validates that belief.
https://www.businessinsider.com/10-biggest-advertising-spenders-in-the-us-2015-7

https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/tobacco_industry/marketing/index.htm

Why does Thomas Hobbes describe the state of nature as a state of war?

There are two characteristics of Hobbes's thought that lead him to equate the State of Nature with the State of War. The first is his embrace of empirical science, which leads him to conceptualize the human body as a machine.
By understanding the body as a machine, Hobbes conceptualizes humans as primarily concerned with keeping themselves alive (instead of primarily concerned with goodness or religious salvation). He also strips human beings and the State of Nature of their claim to inherent goodness. Since we are natural machines, we are only interested in avoiding pain and increasing pleasure.
For Hobbes, self-preservation of the body is the primary goal of all human beings and there is no pre-existing morality in the State of Nature. Morality as we usually understand it is something that humans invent as they come into societies. This means that even extreme actions, like murder, are to be expected in the State of Nature. Indeed, if everyone's most important goal is self-preservation, the State of Nature is virtually guaranteed to be a violent State of War.
 
This mindset allows Hobbes to reconsider the idea of natural law, which is the second characteristic of his thought that helps explain his scary State of Nature. Hobbes challenged the accepted wisdom of his time, which was influenced by the natural law doctrine of Saint Thomas Aquinas, by positing Laws of Nature that were unconcerned with good and evil. 
Whereas Aquinas's first precept of natural law is "Good is to be done and pursued and evil avoided," Hobbes writes the following in Ch. XIV of Leviathan:

[The first law of nature is] 'that every man, ought to endeavour Peace, as farre as he can hope of obtaining it; and when he cannot obtain it, that he may seek, and use, all helps and advantages of Warre.' The first branch of which Rule, containeth the first, and Fundamental Law of Nature; which is, 'to seek Peace, and follow it.' The Second, the summe of the Right of Nature; which is, 'By all means we can, to defend our selves.'

For Hobbes, the state of nature simply is. In the State of Nature, human beings are all attempting to exercise their Right of Nature, which is the right to defend themselves. In the State of Nature, there is no God, there is no philosophy, there is no right and wrong. There is only the need for self-preservation.
Hobbes quickly and decisively shows his readers how such a State of Nature becomes the "war of all against all." A violent State of Nature/War hurts everyone's chances of self-preservation, so Hobbes concludes that all people will raitonally decide to seek peace (which is why "Seek peace" is the fundamental Law of Nature). 
The only way to seek peace is to exit the state of nature (because it is always a state of war) and enter into a social contract. This is why most of Hobbes's Laws of Nature relate to contracts.

In the state of nature described by Hobbes, there are no laws and no rules. But human nature, being what it is, is pretty much the same in everyone. And as human nature, for Hobbes, is fundamentally selfish, everyone wants whatever they can get their hands on. Unfortunately, as there are no laws in Hobbes's state of nature, there is nothing to stop anyone from acquiring what they want except by prevailing force. And the only way for people to defend what is theirs from being taken by others is also by resorting to force. The state of nature, then, inevitably leads to conflict, a "war of all against all" as Hobbes calls it. Life is dictated not by notions of right or wrong, what's moral or immoral, but on the principle of "might is right," or "the law of the jungle."
But as human beings are endowed with rationality, they realize that things can't go on like this, otherwise there'll be no security of property, no arts, and no progress of any kind. That is why the people in a state of nature come together and invest a sovereign with absolute power to maintain peace and good order, providing the civil population with a modicum of stability in which to conduct their daily lives.

Why was Rome so successful for so long?

Rome was very successful for a long time. One of the reasons it was so successful was because the citizens of the country defended it so thoroughly that they were willing to die for it. They had pride and virtue in their society. Rome's leaders were also held accountable to the citizens. The importance of institutions and traditions stood strong and proud among those who lived in Rome. On top of the citizens being the greatest asset, the geographical area where Rome was located. This is why Rome lasted centuries longer than Athens. The Romans were brilliant engineers, had great success with trade, and were feared among their enemies because of their great armies and sense of craft during warfare.

The success of Rome as a city, being the centre of the Roman Empire until 285 CE, when the Empire was divided in two, is partly down to both military and administrative efficiency. The province of Rome that grew to dominate Italy and the mostly unplanned territorial expansion into Europe evolved into the largest empire of its time. Rome's long term success is mostly down to Augustus, the first Roman emperor, who strengthened the borders and improved the central management of Rome to the point where it had total control over the wider territories. Rome's influence declined in later years as the Empire grew too vast for one administration to control, leading to the Empire's division between east and west. After this, Rome continued to dominate the Western Empire and it wasn't until the city was conquered by the goth Alaric that it ceased to be a world power. Rome's military, economic and magisterial power was so long lived that historians have found no single cause for its decline, believing it to be a combination of economic disasters, political unrest and the increasing confidence of the barbarian armies.
https://www.ancient.eu/Roman_Empire/

https://www.britannica.com/place/Rome/People

Calculus: Early Transcendentals, Chapter 4, 4.3, Section 4.3, Problem 42

You need to evaluate the monotony of the function, hence, you need to remember that the function increases if f'(x)>0 and the function decreases if f'(x)<0.
You need to evaluate the first derivative of the function:
f'(x) = (ln(x^4+27))'
f'(x) = (1/(x^4+27))*(x^4+27)'
f'(x) = (4x^3)/(x^4+27)
You need to set f'(x) = 0:
(4x^3)/(x^4+27) = 0
4x^3 = 0 => x = 0
You need to notice that f'(x)>0 for x in (0,+oo) and f'(x)<0 for x in (-oo,0), hence, the function increases for x in (0,+oo) and it decreases for x in (-oo,0).
b) The local maximum and minimum values are those x values for f'(x) = 0. From previous point a) yields that f'(x) = 0 for x = 0 and the function decreases as x approaches to 0, from the left, and then it increases.
Hence, the function has only a minimum point at x = 0, and the point is (0, ln27).

What biblical allusions are used in Chains by Laurie Halse Anderson?

Chains, the 2008 novel by Laurie Halse Anderson, is the first novel in the Seeds of America trilogy and tells the story of Isabel, a thirteen-year-old American slave fighting for her freedom during the backdrop of the American Revolutionary War. The novel exists within the historical fiction genre, and Isabel and her younger sister, Ruth, live in New York. Even though they are in a northern state, at this time slavery was still legal and prominent in the local society.
The narrative is rife with biblical allusions. First, Isabel’s younger sister is named Ruth. Ruth is a prominent biblical figure and one of the five women associated with the genealogy of Jesus. Ruth is from Moab, and she is noted for her kindness and innocence, which are not qualities typically associated with those from Moab. Likewise, Isabel’s younger sister is noted for her innocence.
In the Bible, the Israelites cross the river Jordan at arrive at their new home of Canaan. A similar sentiment of traveling to freedom occurs in the novel as Isabel hopes to bring her and her sister back to Rhode Island where they have been promised freedom by their old master. The old man at the tea water pump encourages Isabel to continue looking for her river Jordan, or her freedom.

An additional biblical allusion in Chains comes in the form of the Book of Nehemiah. At the start of the book, we're introduced to a man called Nehemiah; he's a gravedigger responsible for burying Miss Mary Finch, the slave-girl Isabel's previous owner.
In the Old Testament, Nehemiah oversaw the rebuilding of Jerusalem during the reign of the Persian king Artaxerxes I. There are certain parallels between his actions and those of his grave-digging namesake in Chains. Digging the ground with a shovel is often associated with breaking new ground for the purposes of building new structures. That's precisely what happened when Nehemiah set out to rebuild the city of Jerusalem.
In the case of Nehemiah the grave-digger, he's breaking the ground in order to bury someone's body; yet at the same time, in metaphorical terms, he's also laying the foundations of a new life for Isabel. Now that Miss Mary is no more, Isabel's life and that of her sister Ruth are about to be thrown into turmoil. Although Miss Mary promised Isabel and Ruth their freedom upon her death, the lack of written evidence means that the young sisters will remain enslaved for a long time to come. The foundations of a new life may have been laid, but it's up to Isabel and Ruth to emulate the feats of Nehemiah in the Bible and build upon them.

The first Biblical allusion from Chains is an allusion to Queen Esther from the book of "Esther."  The allusion can be found in Chapter Ten.  Isabel previously overheard Master Lockton explaining his plan to bribe soldiers in the Patriot army to fight for the British.  Later that night Isabel sneaks out of the house in order to inform Curzon about the information that she heard.  Isabel must sneak through the city streets and remain unseen because slaves are not supposed to be out at night.  Isabel tells readers that she is terrified, but she is trying to be brave like Queen Esther.  
Another major Biblical allusion is about the Jordan River.  The Jordan River is in Israel, so Isabel is obviously not in proximity to the real Jordan River.  In the book of "Joshua," the Israelites cross over the Jordan in order to enter the promised land of Canaan.  By crossing the river, the Israelites finally arrive "home" and can be free.  Isabel must cross her own "Jordan" in order to be free of slavery and the Locktons.  The Jordan River allusion occurs several times throughout the story, but a noticeable occurrence is when the old man at the tea water pump tells Isabel to look for her Jordan.  

"Look hard for your river Jordan, my child. You'll find it."   

Over the course of time the Sun's spectral analysis will gave a stronger Helium and weaker Hydrogen reading. Explain why this will happen.

mattbrady's answer is correct.The Sun is a yellow main-sequence star near the middle of its life, so it is currently in the process of converting hydrogen into helium by fusion. In several billion years it will run out of hydrogen; when that happens, it will expand dramatically into a red giant (most likely engulfing all the inner planets, including Earth), and begin to fuse helium into carbon. Well before that, however, the Sun will partially deplete its hydrogen reserves. If astronomers took precise enough spectral measurements over a long enough period of time (unlikely, but impossible---if we can measure gravity waves, we might just be able to do this), they would observe very subtle changes in which the quantity of hydrogen detected slightly decreased and the quantity of helium detected slightly increased. Within a human lifetime or even the lifetime of a civilization, this effect would be very small---about one one-millionth of the Sun's total hydrogen has been used up from the time when humans invented agriculture to today. But we might just be able to pick it up if our instruments were sensitive enough.
https://www.space.com/22437-main-sequence-stars.html

The Sun is the star at the center of our Solar System. Like many stars, our Sun is primarily made up of hydrogen atoms. The gravity of our Sun is incredibly stronger than Earth's due to its immense mass. In fact, the Sun's gravity is so strong that it pushes atoms together with enough force to cause the atoms to fuse together. It is these same hydrogen atoms that make up our Sun which are being fused together into helium.
The amount of hydrogen in the Sun is constantly decreasing as the nuclear fusion turns hydrogen into helium. This means that the helium that is constantly being created from the Sun's nuclear fusion will continue to rise.
Spectral analysis is a method used to study the origin of any spectrum of light. In particular, astronomical spectroscopy is used to determine the composition of a star by analyzing its spectrum.
Different atoms vibrate at different atomic frequencies and a spectral analysis will show this as distinct dark lines present on the spectrum of visible light (see image below of our Sun's spectral absorption lines). These lines are dark because the atoms in the Sun's outermost layer are absorbing discrete wavelengths of light corresponding to their atomic vibration. Hydrogen and helium each have their own unique spectral line and as the Sun ages the intensity of these absorption lines will decrease and increase respectively.

What is the only item that Momma spends money on?

Angelou writes that when she and her brother are growing up in Stamps, they eat mainly from the smokehouse, the garden near Momma's store, and canned food. However, twice a year, Momma feels that children should eat fresh meat and allows the children to go to town to buy the meat from white grocers with refrigerators (12). Stamps is so segregated that many of the African American children have never even seen whites before.
In general, Momma is very frugal. She buys two rolls of cloth each year and uses them to make summer and winter clothes, including Marguerite's dresses and handkerchiefs and Bailey's shirts and shorts, as well as her own dresses and aprons. The author contrasts her family's careful use of money with the wastefulness she sees in the white community, and she envies the money that allows whites to be so wasteful (18).

Is Piaget’s stage theory too limited in its scope? Can Piaget back up his theories other than to provide examples of his children?

Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development may be deemed "limited in it's scope" in a modern sense, but it was considered a rather innovative approach to understanding developmental psychology at one point in time (not to mention how it still serves as a foundation for our understanding of cognitive development today).
Modern psychologists still use (and generally accept) Piaget's stages; however, cognitive development is now widely viewed as a spectrum rather than abrupt stages children pass through on their way to adulthood, which is precisely what Piaget suggested up until his death.
Countless studies have been conducted on the grounds of Piaget's research, most specifically in regards to childrens' classrooms and the nature of knowledge being learned/acquired by one's environment rather than biologically instilled within each individual.
Piaget conducted plenty of studies himself over the course of his lifetime; although most of his research does require critique/skepticism on the part of controlled variables and technique, most of it did lay the groundwork for future research (a lot of which is still being conducted today).

In The Bronze Bow, how are Leah and Samson similar characters?

Throughout The Bronze Bow, Samson and Leah have several similarities. Both individuals are loyal, innocent, and talented. Samson not only obeys Daniel, but also helps and protects him throughout the story. Leah also respects her older brother and follows his instructions. Both characters value and appreciate Daniel. Samson and Leah are both considered outsiders in their respective environments. Leah does not leave her home and is afraid to be in public. Her reclusive nature and demonic fits give her a negative reputation throughout the community. Leah's neighbors pity her and think she is strange. Similarly, Samson is viewed as an outcast in Rosh's band. The members of Rosh's band make fun of Samson and continually ridicule him for being silent. Also, both Samson and Leah have talents that are admired throughout the story. Samson's impressive strength allows Rosh's band to get more work done, and Leah makes beautiful garments on her loom that she sells for profit.

In Bud, Not Buddy by Christopher Paul Curtis, what contributes to Bud's belief that Herman Calloway is his father?

Throughout the novel, Bud believes that Herman Calloway is his father because of the flyers that his mother left behind before she died. In Chapter 12, Lefty Lewis drops Bud off at the Log Cabin and Bud finally gets to meet Herman Calloway face to face. When Bud first walks in, he overhears an older gentleman telling a story. Bud immediately mentions that the old man, who happens to be Herman Calloway, had to be his father because he was talking just like him. Bud notices that Herman is telling a lie, or is at least exaggerating, the same way he does. That was all the proof that Bud needed to have for him to know that Herman Calloway was his father. Herman proceeds to tell a story about how a boxer named "Snaggletooth" MacNevin hit him so hard that he decided to quit because it was the sensible thing to do. This comment additionally contributes to Bud's belief that Herman is his father because Bud thought the exact same thing when Teddy Amos was beating him up at the beginning of the novel. 

Can I have a detailed analysis of the poem "Care-charmer Sleep" by Samuel Daniel in terms of language/style/tone/imagery and themes?

"Delia 45: Care-charmer Sleep, son of the sable Night" is a sonnet written during the English Renaissance. l will break down my analysis into the categories you listed in your question.
Language: The language is what we might expect of a Renaissance poem. The word choice contributes to the tone of the poem. First the speaker uses descriptive language to address Sleep as "son of sable Night" and "Brother to Death." Because of Sleep's nature, the speaker wants it to "Relieve my languish, and restore the light" (line 3). Ironically, he wants Sleep to provide "light," which in this case is almost more like lightening of his burden than literal light. He reveals his dismal state of mind with words like "scorn" and "torment."
Tone: The tone of the poem is very somber. The speaker seems regretful and desperate. He addresses Sleep using apostrophe, which implies that he has no one to talk to about his problems. He is lonely. He also uses words like "languish," "grief," and "aggravate" to describe his feelings.
Style: The poem is structured as a sonnet, a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter with a specific rhyme scheme. The whole poem is written in apostrophe, addressed to Sleep.
Imagery: Much of the imagery has to do with describing Sleep and night vs. day. There are some other vivid images to describe the speaker's state of mind, including "The shipwreck of my ill-adventur'd youth" (6). This image conveys the utter destruction that the speaker sees in his earlier life. He feels he has made catastrophic mistakes that have contributed to his melancholy mood.
Themes: The theme of the poem is the wish for Sleep to avoid pain. The speaker wants Sleep to block out memories of painful experiences.

Daniel's sonnet employs the literary device of apostrophe, which is the direct address of someone or something not present in the poem; in this poem, the speaker addresses sleep, which functions as a metaphor for death. By using apostrophe, the speaker suggests a close relationship with sleep, or at the very least, a desired close relationship, as a certain familiarity is implied by direct address. The speaker compares sleep to death, as the relief the speaker hopes to experience by sleeping can be more permanent if it arrives in the form of death.
The tone of the poem is respectful and and pleading at some points, while mournful and regretful at others. The tone is expressed by different kinds of poetic language and imagery. For example, the speaker alliterates "languish" and "light" when pleading with sleep to give him relief, and and he compares his youth to a shipwreck, expressing regret. As well, the "rising sun" that illuminates the faults of the speaker is sure to "add more grief." The speaker would prefer to "embrace clouds" and hide, even though he knows that such an attempt to disguise himself from the light of day is futile. These images contrast the notions of exposure and concealment, and the tension between these two ideas adds emotional intensity to the sonnet.

The theme of the poem, which is a sonnet (a poem of fourteen lines with ten syllables in each line), is the solace that the poet seeks in sleep and perhaps in death. The poet begins the poem by directly addressing sleep and personifying sleep as a person. He addresses sleep as a "care-charmer" and "son of the sable Night," using alliteration, or the repetition of the initial sounds of each word. He also refers to sleep in a metaphorical way as "Brother to Death," meaning that sleep is similar to death.
He then calls on sleep to relieve his woes and to be a time when he can achieve peace, unlike the daytime, when he grieves over what he calls, in a metaphorical way, "the shipwreck of my ill-adventur'd youth." In other words, he does not want to think about the ways his youth was misspent, and he presents the image of his youth as a shipwreck. He says that he wants to sleep without dreaming, which he refers to as presenting images of our "day-desires," another alliteration that refers to the wants and needs we experience during the day. In the final couplet, he seems to yearn for death, which would put an end to the discomfort and pain he feels during the day. The tone of the poem is dark and wistful, as the poet yearns for a different past and the relief from his thoughts that comes from sleep or death.

Why does it seem appropriate for Capulet to personify death in act 4, scene 5 of the play? You may want to consider why, in the larger context, people personify death; is it a coping mechanism? What is it about making it into a person?

In Romeo and Juliet, death is personified at several points and by several characters. Lord Capulet addresses Death with the literary device of apostrophe, and he personifies death as well. His words call attention to the utter powerlessness he feels at not being able to help his daughter; Death has all the power. Paradoxically, he says he cannot speak, perhaps indicating his confused state. Further, as he does not yet know the circumstances of her death (although at that point she was still alive), he has no one to blame. Ironically, Romeo is the cause of her demise, so calling Death his “son-in-law” is appropriate.
Capulet’s words are also appropriate in the context of William Shakespeare’s usage at other points. When Juliet threatens to kill herself, she says, “Death, not Romeo, take my maidenhead!” The next day, at Juliet’s tomb, Romeo personifies death as he beholds her lifeless body: “Death, that hath sucked the honey of thy breath . . .” He continues, comparing Death to a lover, thus continuing the comparisons in the previous scenes.

Shall I believe
That unsubstantial Death is amorous,
And that the lean abhorred monster keeps
Thee here in dark to be his paramour?
https://myshakespeare.com/romeo-and-juliet/act-5-scene-2

In Act IV Scene V of Romeo and Juliet, Capulet personifies death as he looks at his daughter's lifeless body. Capulet talks about death being his "son-in-law," for example, and "his heir." For Capulet, death is like a groom who has taken Juliet away and made her his bride.
By personifying death in this way, Capulet emphasizes the untimely and unexpected nature of Juliet's death. Remember that Juliet is only a teenager and was due to marry Paris, beginning a new chapter in her life. For Capulet, then, death has taken Juliet before her time, and his personification of death reflects this idea.
In addition, Capulet personifies death to emphasize his grief. As we see from the text, Capulet is devastated to find his daughter dead and struggles to find the words to express his sense of loss. This is clearly shown in the following line when Capulet blames death for his inability to express these feelings:

Death, that hath ta'en her hence to make me wail,
Ties up my tongue and will not let me speak.

Describe the transformations Eliza Doolittle undergoes in Pygmalion? How do these transformations affect the ways that others think about her and behave towards her?

Eliza Doolittle undergoes various transformations as she is changed from a poor, Cockney, downtrodden flower girl to a lady who is desired by men of social standing.This transformation occurs under the tutelage of Professor Henry Higgins, a linguist, with the help of his friend and fellow linguist, Colonel Pickering. The wager that Higgins makes with Pickering begins Eliza's changes at the onset of the play: "Well, sir, in three months I could pass that girl off as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party" (act 1).
When she shows up the next day, Higgins describes her as "so deliciously low—so horribly dirty—" (act 2). Eliza then begins the metamorphosis from an uneducated street vendor to a lady, starting with her physical appearance and language, and ending with self-realization. Eliza's first transformation entails learning how to speak proper English and acting like a lady. When Freddy meets her later on in the play, he is captivated by Eliza even though her transformation is still superficial and not complete.
However, the largest transformation occurs towards the end of the play when Eliza tells Pickering, "The difference between a lady and a flower girl is not how she behaves, but how she’s treated" (act 5). She realizes her self-worth even if it means giving up Higgins because he affirms that he will give her no more than "good fellowship." Eliza has gained self-acceptance and realizes that she cannot accept any less than what she deserves from Higgins: "If I can’t have kindness, I’ll have independence" (act 5). Eliza becomes a strong, secure woman in her own right.

Eliza Doolittle is transformed from a poor, lower-class Cockney flower seller to a lady, showing that social class is only skin (and accent) deep. Henry Higgins bets that by dressing her in fine clothes, teaching her manners, and most all, coaching her in an upper-class accent, he can pass her off as upper class to the highest echelons of society. In this, he succeeds. 
As a result of having the right clothes, manners, and accent, Eliza becomes accepted and admired by middle and upper class society. Whereas she was scorned, despised, and seen as lesser when she had a Cockney accent and cheap, dirty clothes, now she is treated as an equal.
But Eliza undergoes a deeper transformation. She develops a sense of self-worth. She answers back to Henry at the end of the play when he insults her and orders her around. Her confidence means men fall in love with her, and because Henry himself still won't change, Eliza confronts him with his own snobbery and insists she is a worthy human being.

In 1984 by George Orwell, what is a quote about Winston from pages 17–29? How can I analyze that quote deeply?

Here is a quote about Winston from page 25:

"Years ago--how long was it? Seven years it must be--he had dreamed he was walking through a pitch-dark room. And someone sitting to one side of him had said as he passed: 'We shall meet in the place where there is no darkness.' It was said very quietly, almost casually--a statement, not a command. He had walked on without passing. It was only later and by degrees that they seemed to take on significance."

At the outset of the novel, Winston, despite working at the Ministry of Truth, or Minitrue, is beginning to doubt his faith in the Party and in Big Brother. This quote reveals the innermost thoughts in Winston's brain as he is beginning to rebel against the Party. In the dream he had several years before, he is in a darkness that represents the bleakness of Airstrip One (formerly Great Britain), where people are allowed no individual liberties. Someone promises him that he will emerge from this darkness, and he thinks that it is O'Brien, a member of the Inner Party, who speaks to him in the darkness and foresees a brighter future. 
When Winston originally had this dream, he did not think much of it. Only later did it begin to make an impression on him. Now, at the beginning of the novel, he wants to hasten the time when he can emerge from the darkness. He begins to write a diary in which he commits Thoughtcrimes, or thoughts that go against the Party. This dream is a fulfillment of his wish that he be able to live freely, not in the dictatorship that governs Airstrip One. It also foreshadows O'Brien's eventual duplicity towards Winston (in which O'Brien promises escape from repression that he never delivers). However, at this point in the book, Winston is not aware that O'Brien will be duplicitous towards him--Winston is only aware that he wants to change the dark and limited life that is his. 

Frankenstein is narrated by several characters, who speak from different points of view. How do the novel's varied points of view contribute to developing the themes of justice or injustice in the novel?

When Safie tells her story, it becomes clear how unjustly her family has been treated, as well as how unjustly her father treated Felix. All Felix did was attempt to help Safie's family, and he ended up much worse off because of his good intentions and kindness. When Victor's creature narrates, it becomes clear how unjustly Victor has dealt with him. First, Victor abandoned his creature almost immediately after it came to life. The creature was completely alone, almost helpless, and without even basic knowledge to protect himself from pain. Then, when faced with the creature's arguably reasonable demand for a female companion, Victor agrees at first but later tears her apart in front of the creature. Finally, when Victor narrates, he confirms how unjustly he has treated his creation. Therefore, we see the theme of injustice play out across several different narrators.

Single Variable Calculus, Chapter 3, 3.6, Section 3.6, Problem 1

a.) Determine $y'$ by Implicit Differentiation.
b.) Find the equation explicitly for $y$ and differentiate to get $y'$ in terms of $x$.
c.) Check that your solutions to part (a) and (b) are consistent by substituting the expression for $y$ into your solution for part (a).

a.) Given: $xy + 2x + 3x^2 = 4$
$\displaystyle \left[ x \frac{d}{dx} (y) + y \frac{d}{dx} (x) \right] + 2 \frac{d}{dx}(x) + 3 \frac{d}{dx} (x^2) = \frac{d}{dx} (4)$
$\displaystyle (x) \left( \frac{dy}{dx} \right) + y + 2 (3)(2x) = 0$
$\displaystyle (x) \left( \frac{dy}{dx} \right)+ y + 2 + 6x = 0$

$
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
(x) \left( \frac{dy}{dx} \right) &= -y-2-6x\\
\\
\frac{(\cancel{x})\left( \frac{dy}{dx} \right)}{\cancel{x}} &= \frac{-y-2-6x}{x}\\
\\
\frac{dy}{dx} &= \frac{-y-2-6x}{x} \qquad \text{ or } \qquad y' = \frac{-y-2-6x}{ x} && \text{(Equation 1)}
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
$



b.) Solving for $y$
$xy+2x+3x^2=4$

$
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
xy &= 4 - 2x - 3x^2\\
\\
\frac{\cancel{x}y}{\cancel{x}} & = \frac{4-2x-3x^2}{x}\\
\\
y &= \frac{4-2x-3x^2}{x} \qquad \text{ or } \qquad y = \frac{4}{x} - 2 - 3x && \text{(Equation 2)}\\
\\
\frac{d}{dx}(y) &= \frac{d}{dx} \left( \frac{4}{x}\right) - \frac{d}{dx} (2) - \frac{d}{dx} (3x)\\
\\
\frac{dy}{dx} &= \left[ \frac{x \frac{d}{dx} (4) - 4 \frac{d}{dx} (x) }{x^2}\right] - 0 -3\\
\\
\frac{dy}{dx} &= \frac{(x)(0)-(4)(1)}{x^2}-3\\
\\
\frac{dy}{dx} &= \frac{-4}{x^2} -3 \qquad \text{ or } \qquad y' = \frac{-4}{x^2} -3
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
$


c.) Substituting Equation 2 in Equation 1

$
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
y' &= \frac{-y-2-6x}{x} && \text{(Equation 1)}\\
\\
y &= \frac{4}{x} - 2 - 3x && \text{(Equation 2)}\\
\\
y' &= \frac{-\left(\frac{4}{x}-2-3x\right) - 2 - 6x}{x}\\
\\
y' &= \frac{\frac{-4}{x}-\cancel{2} -3x -\cancel{2} -6x}{x}\\
\\
y' &= \frac{\frac{-4}{x} - 3x }{x}\\
\\
y' &= \frac{-4-3x^2}{(x)(x)}\\
\\
y' &= \frac{-4-3x^2}{x^2}\\
\\
y' &= \frac{-4}{x^2} -\frac{3\cancel{x^2}}{\cancel{x^2}}\\
\\
y' &= \frac{-4}{x^2} - 3\\
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
$


Results from part (a) and part (b) are equivalent

What was the main factor leading to the whiskey rebellion?

The Whiskey Rebellion occurred in response to the U.S. government's decision, in 1791, to impose a tax on whiskey and other spirits. This was the very first federal tax imposed on the newly minted United States; the resulting revenue was intended to help pay the nation's remaining debt from the America Revolution, in which the former American colonies won their freedom from Great Britain. The rebellion was centered in western Pennsylvania, where grain farmers often distilled their excess grain crops into liquor. Many of these farmers were also veterans of American Revolution, and they believed they were rebelling against the very idea—taxation without representation—that they had fought against during the war against the British. It's important to understand that at this time, there was very little, other than the popularity of President George Washington, holding the disparate and far-flung states together and that citizens of the new United States were not yet used to seeing themselves as one nation. Therefore, they did not necessarily look at their Congressional representatives as fully representing their local interests. Washington did not hesitate in squashing the rebellion—even riding at the head of the Army—and this action helped to define federal power in the early days of the republic.

How do the characters in Murder on Orient Express affect the conflict of the novel?

Most of the characters in Murder on the Orient Express affect the conflict because they keep secrets about their true identity and play important parts in Ratchett’s murder. There are two notable exceptions: Monsieur Bouc, director of Compagnie Wagon Lits, is a former colleague of Hercule Poirot’s and brings him into the case immediately. The other is Dr. Constantine, the coroner who helps in the investigation.
The rest all tell a series of lies in order to cover their guilt. Slowly Poirot catches them by realizing the smallest inconsistencies in their stories. Everything centers around the kidnapping and murder of young Daisy Armstrong. The major conflict involves the question of who killed Ratchett, the man who was responsible for her death and got away with it.
Each character confuses the issue in order to fool Poirot. For example, Mrs. Hubbard is really Daisy’s grandmother; she makes up a story about a man in her cabin. Mary Debenham had been Daisy’s governess. Princess Dragomiroff spins numerous false stories about the other passengers. Hildegarde Schmidt is not really a lady’s maid; she had been the Armstong family’s cook.
In essence, the characters in the story add to the conflict by muddying the waters and confusing the clues as much as they possibly can. It takes all of Poirot’s ingenuity and patience to untangle what really happened on board the train that night.

What happens in the opium dens?

The opium den is an important symbol in The Picture of Dorian Gray. In Victorian England, opium was perfectly legal but every bit as deadly as its notorious derivative, heroin. The taking of opium, though widespread, still had a faint whiff of scandal about it, being considered somewhat debauched. So a number of opium dens sprung up in London to cater for the exotic tastes of a thriving demimonde of bohemians and thrill-seeking aristocrats. Wilde neatly sums up the lurid attraction of these dens of iniquity and the effect they had upon their wretched patrons:

There were opium-dens, where one could buy oblivion, dens of horror where the memory of old sins could be destroyed by the madness of sins that were new.

Dorian Gray certainly wants to forget his sins, as he has just murdered Basil. His conscience is starting to get the better of him; he needs to submerge it far beneath a drug-induced haze. So he takes off to an opium den in a remote part of town. The den symbolizes the growing degradation of Dorian's tortured mind. He wants to get away from himself, to become immersed in wholly unfamiliar surroundings where he can forget about everything.
But he can't. For one thing, Dorian discovers Adrian Singleton at the opium den, and this bothers him. Adrian is an unpleasant reminder of his past, a past he desperately wants to forget. His hopeless addiction to opium also gives Dorian an unwelcome portent of his own future. The dubious pleasures of opium cannot give Dorian what he wants. The opium den, like the picture of the title, provides us with a horrifying glimpse into a rotting soul, mired in moral corruption and utter degradation.

Finite Mathematics, Chapter 1, 1.2, Section 1.2, Problem 26

Assume that the situation can be expressed as a linear cost function.
Determine the cost function if the Marginal cost is $\$120$ and the cost of producing $700$ is $\$96,500$.

Since the cost function is linear, it can be expressed in the form $C(x) = mx + b$. The marginal cost is $\$120$ per item
which gives the value of $m$. So, we have
$C(x) = 120x + b$
To find $b$, use the fact that the cost of producing $700$ items is $\$96,500$, or $C(700) = 96,500$. Now, we can solve for $b$

$
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
96,500 &= 120(700) + b \\
\\
96,500 &= 84,000 + b\\
\\
12,500 &= b
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
$

The cost function is given by $C(x) = 120x + 12,500$, where the fixed cost is $\$12,500$

How does the society in Brave New World compare to modern society?

There are certainly parallels between the world of Huxley's Brave New World and that of our current world. Eugenics and genetic engineering absolutely exist in our world, such as prison programs that either forcibly sterilize prisoners without consent or coercively encourage prisoners to be sterilized by offering them reduced sentences. Companies exist that will test genes of fetuses to determine possible conditions or neuro-divergent brain development, and the outcomes of these tests can result in abortions of fetuses deemed "unfit" to become a human. Certainly, these companies and program mirror the dystopic reality found throughout the pages of Brave New World.
Additionally, in Brave New World, the public are constantly under state surveillance. One only has to consider the ever increasing amount of state and private surveillance in our world to see the connection between the two. For instance, Amazon is currently working on facial recognition technology that can supposedly detect "fear" on the faces of people in order to attempt to determine who may be thinking about committing a crime.
Police departments and ICE have been partnering with Amazon on projects such as this to develop horrifying software that includes facial recognition, emotion detection, class/race assumption, and more to attempt to determine who may be thinking about committing a crime, and to broaden the scope and scale of policing and surveillance. Massively dystopic programs such as Palantir (a client of Amazon) and Ring (software of Amazon) are examples of this.
https://talkpoverty.org/2017/08/23/u-s-still-forcibly-sterilizing-prisoners/

Modern society is very similar to the society of the World State in Brave New World in a few ways: through its consumerism, its sexual liberality, and widespread drug-use that is catalyzed by government institutions.
The consumption patterns described in Brave New World, written circa 1930, were so over-the-top as to be hilarious: they're a joke. Who would throw out clothing over a rip or a broken zipper? Today, who would bother to put in a new zipper? It would probably cost more in labor than replacing the item. We consume at very high levels, levels that would be considered stunning by Huxley's audience—but not by citizens of the World State.
Similarly, Huxley was writing to an audience in which sex was assumed to follow marriage (except in more progressive circles like the Bloomsbury Group). Today, with birth control and family planning (which allowed a sexual liberation from the threat of unwanted pregnancy), sex outside of marriage became a norm.
Finally, in Brave New World, soma is a widely-used recreational drug that is rationed to the populace. Today, the United States is experiencing an opioid epidemic due to opioid drugs' over-prescription from medical professionals. Opioids are highly addictive in nature and are in themselves very like soma in their ability to produce euphoria. Though soma is never explicitly called "addictive," the fact that the population of the World State defer to using it in their free time implies that they are heavily reliant on its use.

There are various ways in which modern society mimics that of Brave New World.
Medical Science
While there is nothing to parallel the activities of the CENTRAL LONDON HATCHERY AND CONDITIONING CENTRE of Huxley's novel, there has been cloning of animals. Genetic engineering, such as producing human insulin, and genome therapy are also realities. Certain genes have been isolated as well.
Conditioning
In the New World children are conditioned to think in certain ways and to feel that "everyone belongs to everyone." The children play naked so that as adults they will think nothing of many sexual partners.
People in modern times are conditioned by exposure to movies, television, news media, social media, current trends, and peer and social pressures. There is little or no independent thought among many who follow certain trends of thought.
Desensitization
In Brave New World, the children play near the dying so that death will be of little meaning to them. This activity is called death conditioning. But everyone looks young, even the dying. So, when the children see John's mother, they are shocked because she looks old.

They had never seen a face like hers before-had never seen a face that was not youthful and taut-skinned, a body that had ceased to be slim and upright.... At forty-four, Linda seemed, by contrast, a monster of flaccid and distorted senility

People in modern times are so exposed to violence that they have become desensitized to it. With movies and other media, people are desensitized to death and others' misery.
Drugs
People of the New World take an entertainment drug called soma. Real emotions are purged because any time that people feel the least bit unsatisfied, they merely take soma.
In modern society drug use is prevalent as a reliever of stress or pain because people have trouble dealing with reality.
Sex as Recreation
Children of the New World play with one another naked. In this way, they are conditioned to pay little attention to sexual differences. "Everyone belongs to everyone" is a slogan taught to them. In this way they do not experience erotic love or feel any personal attachments.
Likewise, in the real world, people have become more desensitized to sexual relations. They engage in these relationships on casual levels as they often see recreational and casual sex in movies.
An All-Powerful Elite
The New World has people who are bred to be leaders; these are the Alphas, and they are the ones in control of the others.
In modern society, the wealthy owners of certain companies such as media companies exert a power over citizens because they control what information goes out. They have the opportunity to alter this information, as well.

The speeches of the Chorus and Choragos interrupt the action of the play to describe the battle to the audience. What do these city elders look forward to in the future?

Antigone and Ismene open the play, discussing the recent battle and the death of both of their brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices. Creon declared Eteocles was to be buried with full honors because he stayed loyal to Thebes. But Polyneices’ body was to be left to rot without burial. This would doom him to Hades. After Antigone declares her determination to follow the gods’ law instead of Creon’s by burying Polyneices, the Chorus arrives to explain what happened in the battle.
At the end of the description of the fall of Polyneices, the Chorus declares, “…let us enjoy forgetfulness after the late wars, and visit all the temples of the gods with night-long dance and song...” The Chorus looks forward to riotous celebration of victory. They also wish “may Bacchus be our leader, whose dancing shakes the land of Thebe.” Bacchus was the god of the grape harvest and wine. So their celebration would include a lot of drinking as well.
After such a long period of bloody war, the people of Thebes are ready to have a long celebration of song and drink, going to each temple to thank the gods for their blessings.

Given that, in standard form, 3^236 is approx. 4 * 10 ^ 112 and 3^(-376) is approx. 4 * 10^(-180), find the approximation in standard form for 3^376.

Hello!
To answer this question we only need the fact  3^(-376) approx 4*10^(-180).
By the definition, raise some number b to a negative natural power -n means 1) raise b to the positive power n and 2) divide 1 by the result. This is the formula:
b^(-n) = 1/(b^n).
As you can easily infer from this formula,
b^(n) = 1/(b^(-n))                                                     (1)
is also true.
In our task, n = 376 and b = 3. So we have
3^376 = 1/(3^(-376)).
The number at the denominator is approximately known, so
3^376 = 1/(3^(-376)) approx 1/(4*10^(-180)) = 1/4*1/(10^(-180)) = 0.25*1/(10^(-180)).
Now we use the formula (1) in the reverse direction for b = 10 and n = 180:
1/10^(-180) = 10^180.
This way the number in question is about
0.25*10^180 = 0.25*10*10^179 = 2.5*10^179  
(standard form requires factor between 1 and 10 ).
So the answer is:  3^376 approx 2.5*10^179.
(if you actually need 3 in some other degree, please reply and I'll try to help)

What makes this T.S. Eliot poem unusual and non-traditional, and why do you think the editors rejected this poem when Eliot first tried to get it published in 1911?

"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" was T.S. Eliot's first published poem. Over five years elapsed between the time writing began and the time of publication, largely because Eliot had some considerable difficulty in convincing publishers that the poem was "poetry" at all. In 1910, when Eliot began writing the poem, poetry was generally struck in a pastoral Edwardian era marked by regular rhyme schemes and structures and "acceptable" topics like nature, love and death. "Prufrock" is not at all this sort of poem, exhibiting instead a stream-of-consciousness technique which leaps from thought to thought, something which would come to characterize Modernist writing, as well as would the use of mixed metrical structure. Indeed, it intermingles blank verse with free verse (at the time, extremely unusual in poetry) and traditional rhyming verse. We also find lines in which the assonance seems to fall in unusual places, which has the effect of pulling the reader into the strangeness of Prufrock's internal monologue:

And when I am formulated, sprawling on a pin,When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall,Then how should I begin

Effectively, publishers rejected "Prufrock" initially because it was unique. They did not understand its strange shift from unrhymed iambic pentameter to rhyming couplets, or its use of Italian, or its stream-of-consciousness musings. It baffled in terms of structure, rhyme and theme. However, the early critical reception to the poem indicates that those who did understand it recognized immediately that it would come to change the face of poetry and how we understand it.

Calculus: Early Transcendentals, Chapter 4, 4.4, Section 4.4, Problem 65

You need to evaluate the limit, hence, you need to replace 0^+ for x:
lim_(x->0^+) (cos x)^(1/(x^2)) = (cos 0)^(1/0^+) = 1^(+oo)
You may use the special limit lim_(x->0^+) (1 + x)^(1/x) = e , instead of l'Hospital's rule, such that:
lim_(x->0^+) (cos x)^(1/(x^2)) = lim_(x->0^+) ((1 + cos x - 1)^(1/(cos x - 1)))^((cos x - 1)/(x^2)) = e^lim_(x->0^+)((cos x - 1)/(x^2))
Evaluate the limit of exponent, such that:
lim_(x->0^+)((cos x - 1)/(x^2)) = (cos 0 - 1)/(0^2) = 0/0
You may use l'Hospital's rule for indetermination 0/0 , such that:
lim_(x->0^+)((cos x - 1)')/((x^2)') = lim_(x->0^+)(-sin x)/(2x) = -(sin0)/0 = 0/0
You may use again l'Hospital's rule for indetermination 0/0 , such that:
lim_(x->0^+)(-sin x)/(2x) = lim_(x->0^+)((-sin x)')/((2x)')
lim_(x->0^+)((-sin x)')/((2x)') = lim_(x->0^+)(-cos x)/2 = (-cos 0)/2 = -1/2
Hence, evaluating the limit, using special limit and l'Hospital's rule, yields lim_(x->0^+) (cos x)^(1/(x^2)) = 1/(sqrt e).

In chapter 3, why does the dealer reason that cowards shoot before it is necessary?

To understand what the card-dealer says in chapter 3, we'll have to go back to chapter 2.
In chapter 2, the unnamed narrator is watching a card game at a saloon. The Virginian (who is the narrator's escort) is playing. During the game, the Virginian (who is also unnamed) is addressed by Trampas, another player. Trampas is referred to as a "cow-puncher, bronco-buster, [and] tin-horn." The card-dealer tells the narrator that Trampas doesn't enjoy losing to a "stranger" (the Virginian).
When it's time for the Virginian to call his bet, he initially remains silent. This prompts Trampas to goad him with "Your bet, you son-of-a------." Now, the epithet leads the Virginian to lay his pistol on the table with a quiet invitation: "When you call me that, smile." Suddenly, the atmosphere becomes tense, and there is a general feeling that violence will break out.
For his part, Trampas decides to back down. However, the narrator notes that the challenger isn't happy about doing so, noting that a "public back-down is an unfinished thing."
Now, we get to chapter 3, where the card-dealer tries to explain the difference between the Virginian and a man like Trampas. The dealer tells one of the card-players that the Virginian was never going to shoot. For his part, the player demands to know how the dealer defines a dangerous man.
The dealer answers that the Virginian is a brave man and that this type of man does not constitute a danger to anyone. Rather, it is the coward who is dangerous. Such a man shoots before there is any need to. The reason he does so is because he does not operate by an honorable code of conduct. This is the main difference between the Virginian and Trampas.
The dealer explains why the Virginian was never going to shoot: the latter would only pull the trigger in the face of a clear threat. Since Trampas merely threw down an insult, the Virginian held his peace. The dealer maintains that it is the coward one needs to fear. This type shoots before it is necessary, as he is primarily motivated by his wounded pride. The coward is almost always dishonest about his shortcomings and hides behind a mask of false bravado. Thus, the coward acts without honor and, therefore, can never be trusted.
To support his rationale, the dealer tells the story of a trouble-maker who entered the saloon the previous Tuesday.
The trouble-maker apparently got into some misunderstanding about the drinks he ordered. Before the disagreement was settled, he shot two men, both innocent bystanders. The dealer tells the narrator that the trouble-maker was eventually "put out of business" and that he died that night. At this point, the dealer maintains that cowards are more to be feared than someone like the "black-headed" Virginian.
The dealer also explains that, by the time one worries about what the Virginian will do, it will be too late. When faced with a credible threat, the Virginian always acts swiftly. The Virginian is deliberate and also lives by an unspoken code of honor. This is what distinguishes him from men like Trampas and the aforementioned troublemaker.

What is the tone of voice used in Beasts of England and Comrade Napoleon?

The tone of voice used in the song "Beasts of England" is joyful, promising, and inspiring. The words depict a beautiful landscape and carefree atmosphere, where every animal roams freely and does not suffer under tyrannical human masters. The words present a pleasant picture of a future when animals vanquish the remnants of their oppressive lives and are finally able to enjoy the relaxing natural environment in peace. There is also a tone of hope and optimism in the lyrics and the tune instantly becomes the most popular song on the farm.
In contrast, Minimus' song "Comrade Napoleon" has a tone of reverence, praise, and adoration. The song "Comrade Napoleon" is a celebration of Napoleon's leadership and an ode to his benevolence and greatness. The lyrics describe Napoleon's majesty by referring to him as a "fountain of happiness" and describing how his awe-inspiring gaze causes the animals' souls to burn with reverence. The song "Comrade Napoleon" evokes a sense of devotion and loyalty to their supreme leader instead of inspiring a sense of hope like the song "Beasts of England."

In Animal Farm, the tone of Beasts of England reflects its purpose: it is stirring and enthusiastic, as a means of encouraging the animals to come together and overthrow Man, their sworn enemy. This upbeat and positive tone is reinforced by words like "bright," "joyful" and "shine."
While the tone of Comrade Napoleon is equally lively, there are some key differences to consider. The voice of Comrade Napoleon is submissive and obedient and this is demonstrated through the use of words like "faithful" and "commanding." In employing this type of tone, the song implies that the animals cannot survive without Napoleon's support, as we see in the following lines:

Thou are the giver of
All that thy creatures love.

In contrast, Beasts of England emphasises the equality and resourcefulness of all animals:

And the fruitful fields of England,
Shall be trod by beasts alone.

In creating this stirring tone, Beasts of England inspires the animals to rebel against Mr Jones while Comrade Napoleon simply emphasises their inferiority.

Calculus of a Single Variable, Chapter 5, 5.6, Section 5.6, Problem 35

arcsin (sqrt(2x)) = arccos(sqrtx)
To solve, let's consider the right side of the equation first. Let it be equal to theta.
theta = arccos(sqrtx)
Then, express it in terms of cosine.
cos (theta)= sqrtx
Also, express the sqrtx as a fraction.
cos(theta)=sqrtx/1
Based on the formula cos (theta)= (adjacent)/(h y p o t e n u s e) , it can be deduced that the two sides of the right triangle are:
adjacent side =sqrt x
hypotenuse = 1
To solve for the expression that represents the side opposite the theta, apply Pythagorean formula.
a^2+b^2=1
a^2+(sqrtx)^2=1^2
a^2+x=1
a^2=1-x
a=+-sqrt(1-x)
Since a represents the length of the opposite side, consider only the positive expression. So the opposite side is
opposite side= sqrt(1-x)
Now that the expression that represents the three sides of the triangle are known, let's consider the original equation again.
arcsin (sqrt(2x)) = arccos(sqrtx)
Plug-in the assumption that theta = arccos(sqrt(x)) .
arcsin (sqrt(2x)) = theta
Then, express the equation in terms of sine function.
sqrt(2x)=sin(theta)
To express the right side in terms of x variable, refer to the right triangle. Applying the formula sin (theta) = (opposite)/(hypotenuse) , the right side becomes
sqrt(2x) = (sqrt(1-x))/1
sqrt(2x)=sqrt(1-x)
Then, eliminate the square root in the equation.
(sqrt(2x))^2 =(sqrt(1-x))^2
2x = 1 - x
Bring together the terms with x on one side of the equation.
2x + x = 1 -x + x
3x = 1
And, isolate the x.
(3x)/3=1/3
x=1/3

Therefore, the solution is x=1/3 .

What is an important theme of Americanah by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie?

An important theme in Americanah by Chimamanda Adichie is capitalism, where the free world is juggled by the government and the corporations. There was the constant whirl of the money market going on and on, never taking a pause in its rule of the economy. Ifemelu arrived in America to find that money rules the world, same way it do in Nigeria. There was the constant need for money, the lack of money, the insufficiency of available money, and the lack of content that is usually the case in most capitalist societies. The state in which Ifemelu met her aunt Uju and cousin Dike in distress, her earlier struggles, due to the lack of a job. Also, back in Nigeria her friends were superficial and lived in a way to suggest that money and the safety it brought in a capitalist economy was the focus of their existence.a

One important theme of Americanah by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is race and racism. In Nigeria, Ifemelu doesn't really think of herself as black. There is still a racial hierarchy in Nigerian culture, however, as light-skinned people are considered more attractive, people use products to make their skin lighter.
At the opening of chapter one, Ifemelu did not like to go to Trenton to braid her hair. " It was unreasonable to expect a braiding salon in Princeton-the few black locals she had seen were so light-skinned she could not imagine them wearing braids."
A dreadlocked white man who sat on a train with Ifemelu told her that nobody wants black babies in this country.(America)

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah paints a telling portrait of American society from an outsider's very authentic point of view. One important theme in the novel is the idea of xenophobia. Upon her arrival in America, Ifemelu is faced with challenges that she does not understand and is subsequently forced to question her identity.
To Ifemelu, her Nigerian accent was simply a part of her being. She had never felt embarrassed or ashamed of this marker of her foreignness until she was faced with a classic case of American xenophobia. She has several encounters with people who automatically assume that she is unintelligent or cannot understand English simply because of the way she speaks. When registering for classes, Ifemelu has an experience with a university employee who subjects her to this kind of discrimination for the first time. 

Ifemelu half smiled in sympathy, because Cristina Tomas had to have some sort of illness that made her speak so slowly, lips scrunching and puckering, as she gave directions to the international students office. But when Ifemelu returned with the letter, Cristina Tomas said, "I. Need. You. To. Fill. Out. A. Couple. Of. Forms. Do. You. Understand. How. To. Fill. These. Out?" and she realized that Cristina Tomas was speaking like that because of her, her foreign accent, and she felt for a moment like a small child, lazy-limbed and drooling (Chapter 14).

In American society, there is a tendency to label anything foreign as the "other," which leads to cases of discrimination just like Ifemelu experienced with Cristina Tomas.
Not only is she labeled as the "other" because of her foreignness, but Ifemelu is also put into this category because of the color of her skin. She had never considered herself black before she was forced into this role in America. The concept of race is a new one to Ifemelu, and along with it came the harsh reality of racism in the US. Ifemelu addresses the challenges that she faces in terms of race and racism in her blog.
Ifemelu experiences a journey of self-doubt resulting from the prejudice that she experiences every day while in America. Adichie's novel brings to light many of the egregious flaws in the American ideals of togetherness and freedom with a highly intelligent commentary on the theme of xenophobia. 
 
 

One of the most important themes of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah is Americanization. When the novel's protagonist, Ifemelu, returns to her home country of Nigeria after spending years in the United States, her friends in Lagos teasingly call her an “Americanah” because she has picked up new slang, adopted a more blunt way of speaking, and developed opinions on race, gender, and Nigerian culture that her friends find distinctly Americanized. Adapting to American life was not easy for Ifemelu—she struggled at first to make ends meet, and she had to get used to being seen as black rather than Nigerian—and now she faces the challenges of readapting to Nigeria. Ifemelu is reluctant to acknowledge how much her years abroad have changed her and resists the label of “Americanah,” but it is evident that her life in the US has had a powerful effect on her character and the way she sees and relates to the world. Ifemelu eventually begins to readjust with the help of her old friend Ranyinudo and a club for Nigerians who have recently returned from abroad. Having shut down the popular blog on her experiences as a non-American black woman in the US, Raceteenth, before moving back to Nigeria, Ifemelu starts a new blog focused on her life in Lagos. She may be Americanized, but she is embracing the new life she has begun in Nigeria as well.

What made the three friends abandon the boat trip?

It's been raining for some time. What started off as steady drizzle at Oxford has become heavier and more persistent. George unhelpfully regales his friends with a story about a man who contracted rheumatic fever from a damp boat and subsequently died in agony. Harris chimes in with a lurid tale about a man who slept under a wet canvas one night before waking up the next morning as a cripple. As the rain gets heavier and heavier, it seems like it might not be a bad idea to abandon the boat trip. George casually mentions that a train leaves Pangbourne after five o'clock which would allow them time to travel to London and get a bite to eat at a restaurant. The other two men agree and so they decide to abandon their trip, leaving the boat with a boatman at Pangbourne before making their way to the station.

Explain how Romeo finds out about the Capulet ball.

In Act 1, Scene 2, Lord Capulet says to his servant,

“Go, sirrah, trudge aboutThrough fair Verona, find those persons outWhose names are written there, and to them say,My house and welcome at their pleasure stay.”

Here, Capulet tells his servant to invite the people on his list to the ball that will be held at Capulet’s house. As the servant walks through the townsquare, uncertain what to do because he is illiterate, he runs into Benvolio and Romeo. He asks them to help him read the list so he knows who to invite to the Capulet Ball. Benvolio and Romeo help the servant, and in doing so, find out the details about the party. Benvolio then tries to convince Romeo to attend with him and Mercutio as a way for Romeo to get over the girl who broke his heart, Rosaline. Benvolio tells him that it would be good for Romeo to go to the party and see that there are so many other girls who are just as beautiful and wonderful as Rosaline, but Romeo continues to refuse to go because all he can do is think about how heartbroken he is. Romeo finally agrees to go to the party but only because he feels there is a small chance he could see Rosaline there.

Romeo finds out about the Capulet ball from his friend Benvolio. Benvolio has been approached by Romeo's father, who is worried about why Romeo is mooning around all the time. Benvolio explains it is because of his unrequited love for Rosaline. Benvolio also says he will intervene and try to help Romeo.
Benvolio invites Romeo to the Capulet ball in an attempt to interest him in girls other than Rosaline. He tells Romeo that there are many beautiful girls in Verona and that he should try to meet them, rather than moping over Rosaline. Romeo insists there can never be any other girl in the world for him but Rosaline. He nevertheless goes to the Capulet ball with Benvolio and another good friend, Mercutio.

Why doesn’t mama want Stacey to hear papa complaining about his leg

Mama is awaiting the return of Stacey, Papa, and Mr. Morrison from their trip to Vicksburg. When they finally arrive, Mr. Morrison is carrying Papa. Papa's head is bandaged, and his shotgun is strapped to his leg with a rope to keep it from moving. As Mama and Big Ma tend to Papa, Stacey shares the story of what happened.
Stacey tells the other children that they were on their way back from Vicksburg when the two back wheels of the wagon fell off. Since Papa feels that somebody is after them, they decide not to unhitch the wagon like they would normally do to place the wheels on. Stacey is asked to hold the horse's reins to keep him still while Mr. Morrison lifts the back of the wagon. As Papa places the wheel back on, he is shot. The horse becomes startled, and Stacey can't hold him steady. This causes the wagon to roll over Papa's leg.
The bullet only grazes the side of Papa's head, but his leg is broken from the wagon. When Papa shows his frustration with having a broken leg, Mama cautions him. She knows that Stacey feels responsible for Papa's broken leg because he couldn't hold the horse steady. She doesn't want Papa's frustration to cause Stacey to feel worse than he already does. Papa is angry that, although men tried to kill him, it is his son that feels responsible.

Given g(x)= 2x^2-4x-5, find the following, g^(-1)(-2).

Hello!
Actually, this function g has no (one-valued) inverse function. For some y's there is no such x that g(x)=y, for some there are two such x's (two solutions of a quadratic equation). But we can consider two-valued functions, too.
The function ax^2+bx+c with a positive a has its minimum at x_0 = (-b)/(2a). For our function g it is -(-4)/4 = 1, the minimum value is g(1) = 2 - 4 - 5 = -7. So there are two points x_1 and x_2 such that g(x) = -2. To find them, we have to solve the quadratic equation
2x^2-4x-5=-2, or 2x^2-4x-3=0.
The solutions are x_(1,2)=(2+-sqrt(2^2+2*3))/2 = (2+-sqrt(10))/2 = 1+-sqrt(5/2).
The final answer depends on the additional conditions. One may state that there are no g^(-1)(-2), that there are two values, 1-sqrt(5/2) and 1+sqrt(5/2), or choose one of them if there are some constraints on the domain of g.
 

What are some of Harris's positive traits?

It's fair to say that Harris's positive character traits aren't immediately obvious. He's portrayed by Jerome as being a vain, lazy, uncultivated man without much taste for adventure. But there's little doubt that he's the funniest character in the book, though most of the humor he generates is unintentional. For instance, he labors under the misapprehension that he can sing. His anecdotes that reveal his complete lack of self-awareness—such as his adventure at Hampton Court—provide an additional source of amusement. Harris is so insufferably pompous and self-absorbed that he has no idea of how utterly ridiculous he is. These may not seem positive character traits, but there's always more fun with Harris around—of one sort or another. When all's said and done he's incredibly good company, if not always for the reasons he'd like to be.

What is Allah Akbar?

الله أكبر
Allah 'akbar is an Arabic statement literally translated "God is greater" or "God is the greatest". Since Arabic language is the medium through which Islamic concepts are taught and understood globally, the statement is widely popular throughout the over 1.8 billion adherents worldwide.
The statement in itself, is an acknowledgment of the sovereignty of God over all the earth. Very often, it is used as an expression of joy, where the person is appreciating the goodness of God, or; as a battle cry, where the person believes he is championing the cause of God while attacking or defending a position in warfare; as an expression of amazement where the person is pleasantly surprised and; as an expression of distress where the person is trying to console himself or another that God is bigger than the existing challenge(s). 
Further reading:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/11/what-does-allahu-akbar-mean/

"Allah u Akbar," as it is sometimes transliterated, is the declaration of faith by Muslims. It is often inaccurately translated by some sections of the media as "God is great," but it would be more accurate to say that it means "God is greater." It is a rubric often used in prayer by Muslims and as a way of giving thanks to God. For example, when a child is born, it is common to say "Allah u Akbar" as an expression of profound gratitude for the creation of a new life. The phrase also encourages believers to focus on the bigger picture, as it were, by acting as a salutary reminder that God is so much greater, so much more important than our often petty everyday concerns.
In recent years it has become all too common for Islamist terrorists to scream "Allah u Akbar!" as they are about to commit an atrocity. However, for most Muslims it is an outrageous blasphemy to invoke the name of God in committing what is a serious crime not just against people, but also against God himself.
https://www.newsweek.com/what-does-allahu-akbar-mean-why-phrase-shouldnt-be-considered-terrorist-battle-698101

How did the U.S. strategize the winning of the Vietnam War using "organized modern technology"?

Historian Howard Zinn is credited with saying, “When the United States fought in Vietnam, it was organized modern technology versus organized human beings, and the human beings won.”
After the signing of the Geneva Agreement in 1954, French forces withdrew from what was then French Indochina. The agreement led to the recognition of communist North Vietnam and formed the new country of South Vietnam. Despite a hegemonic party holding power in the south, the United States supported the non-communist government. Initially US support was focused on economic and strategic aid, not military assistance. Over time there was a mission creep, and US military trainers became combat advisors. Increased pressure from the communist North Vietnamese Army (NVA) and the southern National Liberation Front, or Viet Cong (VC), led to more US military involvement. In 1964 there were approximately 23,000 US troops in Vietnam; just one year later the number was 184,000. With the huge influx of American combat troops came American doctrine.
Facing a dispersed rebellion (VC) and a conventional military front (NVA), U.S. forces had to rely on mobility, firepower, and air superiority. Both the NVA and VC armies were peasant forces, supplied and equipped with Soviet Block weapons, mostly funneled through other communist countries, like China. With a huge local recruiting pool, the communist forces seemed to have an inexhaustible supply of willing recruits. The best “method” to counter numerical superiority was believed to be the application of “organized modern technology.”
The US launched a strategic air campaign reminiscent of the great World War II bombing campaigns. The US established interlocking fire-bases on hilltops; developed a vast network of support bases, forward operating bases, and combat outposts; and assembled an enormous air presence to root out the VC. Utilizing light, small scout helicopters, US commanders sought out hostile troops, initiated contact, and launched large-scale infantry assaults, most commonly using troop-carrying helicopters to identify and eliminate the enemy.
With dynamic battlefield communications, intelligence-gathering, and interlocking support, troops worked together. Infantry troops relied on local artillery pieces, assault helicopters, jet bombers, and, in some cases, naval gunfire support. By utilizing a wide range of combined arms, the technological advantage leveled the battlefield. Multiple captured NVA and VC leaders reported a similar tactical doctrine: “We had to close with the Americans, we always fixed bayonets. By getting close we were able to limit the effectiveness of American artillery and air support.”
Despite a strategic loss, US troops were seldom defeated in force-on-force battles at the tactical level. Instead, the VC and NVA practiced hit and run, guerrilla, ambush, and tunneling tactics to inflict casualties and win a war of attrition. In many ways, the American failure to sustain South Vietnam as a democratic country is analogous to the American victory against the British nearly two hundred years earlier.
https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history

Can you give me reasons why The Kite Runner was banned?

Khaled Hosseini's 2003 novel has been challenged and banned in some American schools. The reasons for disallowing it to be read and discussed by students include the following:
There is a scene in which a boy is violently beaten and raped.
There is sexual abuse of a boy by a man.
The depiction of the Taliban is offensive to some people.
Some find language used in the book to be offensive.
There are other acts of violence, including killings.
The depiction of the dynamics of the relationship between the Pashtuns and Hazaras offends some people.
One of the characters is openly anti-Semitic and a drug abuser.
Some believe that the book perpetuates feelings of negativity toward Afghan culture in general from those who have never experienced it for themselves.

What are the effects of poverty, begging, emigration, and inequality on development?

Development, in the context of a nation, is the growth and improvement to provide social and economic stability, and it is fueled by the activities within a country.
Poverty is the condition where individuals have insufficient resources to provide for some, if not all, of their basic human needs. Poverty has the attendant ills of sickness, ignorance, and crime. An unhealthy population cannot attain optimum productivity; a culture of ignorance shuns education and continues the cycle of poverty. Crime damages a nation's international reputation, fosters corruption, and contributes to the deaths of members of the workforce.
People resort to begging for different reasons—often to supply for their most basic needs. One reason may be civil unrest or war, which can cause disruption and displacement, leaving many destitute. Extreme food shortages and poverty may motivate others to beg. Left alone, beggars cannot contribute to economic development. Rehabilitation and social intervention must take place to assimilate or re-assimilate beggars into the labor force and fuel development.
Emigration also has a negative effect on development. Most emigrants leave in search of better opportunities, with no intent to return. Brain drain, the emigration of educated or skilled members of the labor force, has an even worse effect because individuals who receive tertiary education in their homeland, whose talent could have contributed to national development, use their education and talents overseas.
Inequality limits opportunities and privileges to a group or groups based on race, religion, economic standing, or social status. Inequality may lead to civil unrest, poverty, begging and emigration. Inequality is counter to development.
https://www.academia.edu/3759355/Effects_of_Street_begging_on_National_Development_Counselling_Implication

https://www.athensjournals.gr/social/2015-2-3-1-Yu.pdf

https://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?pid=S0042-96862007001000002&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en

What is the meaning behind the title "Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee" by Dee Brown? Why is it the perfect title to describe the clash of cultures beginning in 1492?

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee is an iconic work by historian Dee Brown that describes the Indian Wars of the Trans-Mississippi West from their first contact with Europeans to the final "battle" of Wounded Knee in 1890.  The battle of Wounded Knee is also listed as the Wounded Knee Massacre, as due to a misunderstanding, the U.S. Army opened fire on hundreds of unarmed Lakota, killing many women and children.  The massacre started when the leaders at Pine Ridge Reservation wanted to end the Ghost Dance religion, as they thought it would lead to a native uprising.  When the natives resisted, the reservation agents rounded up the Indians and tried to disarm them.  A gun accidentally discharged, and in that charged situation, the Army opened fire, killing hundreds and thus ending five hundred years of native resistance.  The whole event summarizes the relationship between natives and Europeans that existed in the Americas since 1492.  The natives had a certain culture.  The Europeans either did not trust the native belief or were actually repelled by it.  When the two cultures clashed, it usually ended in bloodshed and the native tribes suffered.  

What barriers can hinder proper implementation of formal curriculum?

There are various factors that could hinder the proper implementation of formal curriculum. One factor could be a lack of resources. It takes money to develop and implement a curriculum. If resources are lacking, there may be issues in developing the curriculum, training educators about the curriculum, and actually implementing it.
Another factor is that there might be resistance to change. Some people might not want to change the curriculum. Other people may have issues with the new curriculum. These factors might make it more difficult to implement it.
There may be political issues that hinder the proper implementation of the formal curriculum. Political leaders may oppose the curriculum and prevent its implementation. They may also withhold the money that is needed for proper implementation. Political leaders could threaten to take over the curriculum development process if certain changes aren’t made to the curriculum.
Leadership and facilities are factors that could impact implementation of the curriculum. If the proper educational facilities are lacking, it might be very hard to implement the curriculum. Classrooms, laboratories, and technology are some things that are needed to implement a curriculum properly. Having good leaders will help implement a new curriculum. However, if that leadership is lacking, the curriculum might not be properly implemented.
There are various factors that could hinder the proper implementation of the formal curriculum.
http://mywhatever.com/cifwriter/content/22/4481.html

https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/article/viewFile/8330/8666

Precalculus, Chapter 9, 9.4, Section 9.4, Problem 71

You need to remember what a quadratic model is, such that:
a_n = f(n) = a*n^2 + b*n + c
The problem provides the following information, such that:
a_0 = -3 => f(0) = a*0^2 + b*0 + c => c = -3
a_2 = 1 => f(2) = a*2^2 + b*2 + c => 4a + 2b + c =1
a_4 = 9 => f(4) = a*4^2 + b*4 + c => 16a + 4b + c = 9
You need to replace -3 for c in equation 4a + 2b + c =1:
4a + 2b - 3 = 1 => 4a + 2b = 4 => 2a + b = 2
You need to replace -3 for c in equation 16a + 4b + c = 9 :
16a + 4b - 3 = 9 => 16a + 4b = 12 => 4a + b = 3
Subtract 2a + b = 2 from 4a + b = 3, such that:
4a + b - 2a - b = 3 - 2
2a = 1=> a = 1/2
Replace 1/2 for a in equation 2a + b = 2 such that:
2*(1/2) + b = 2 => 1 + b = 2 => b = 1
Hence, the quadratic model for the given sequence is a_n = (1/2)n^2+ n - 3.

What is Rome's most ancient monument?

Rome’s most ancient monument is the Cloaca Maxima, an ancient sewage system that the Romans began building under the Etruscan kings in the 6th century B.C.E. It continues to serve Rome to this day. According to a historical study of it undertaken by John N.N. Hopkins of the University of Texas:

The Cloaca began as a monumental, open-air, fresh water canal…. [I]t served a vital role in changing the physical space of central Rome and came to signify the power of Romans who built it. (Hopkins 2007)

The Cloaca drained overflow water from the central Rome area. Before its construction, water from the river Tiber and from streams in the Roman hills inundated the valley every spring and flooded the site of the future Roman forum (ibid. p. 6). This regular flooding prevented the emergence of a coherent urban space. The sewage system enabled the integration of hill settlements into a single city. The Cloaca’s masonry includes archaic, mid-Republican, late Republican and Imperial strata.

Discuss the character of Mrs. Malaprop.

Mrs. Malaprop is a comic character in Sheridan's The Rivals. The most notable thing about her is the way she uses incorrect words to express herself, words that sound similar to the appropriate word but which have a completely different meaning. Mrs. Malaprop's struggles with the English language gave rise to a new literary term—malapropisms, of which there are numerous examples in The Rivals. To name but two:

The pineapple of politeness. [She really means the pinnacle of politeness].
She's as headstrong as an allegory on the banks of the Nile [She's thinking of an alligator].

Mrs. Malaprop's verbal gaffes undercut her status as an authority figure in the play. She's a rather pompous, self-important woman, forever dispensing matronly advice to her niece Lydia. Yet her ignorance of the very words she speaks means that she can't be taken seriously. She's also more than a tad hypocritical, as the following line makes painfully clear:

I would have her instructed in geometry, that she might know something of the contagious countries;—but above all, Sir Anthony, she should be mistress of orthodoxy, that she might not mis-spell, and mis-pronounce words so shamefully as girls usually do; and likewise that she might reprehend the true meaning of what she is saying [emphasis added].

Here is Mrs. Malaprop using a malapropism to warn against the dangers of malapropisms. Self-awareness is evidently not one of her strong points.
Sheridan is making a rather subtle satirical point through the character of Mrs. Malaprop. It says something about so-called respectable society that someone as ignorant and as ludicrous as Mrs. Malaprop can presume to exert moral authority over others. Sheridan also seems to be suggesting the need for a broad, systematic education for those who would engage in polite society. Mrs. Malaprop, like the hapless Captain Le Brush, lacks the benefit of a decent education, and the consequences are painfully obvious each time they open their mouths.

Why does Leper signing up for the war make the war seem more unrealistic to Finny? A. Leper does not have the training or strength for the war B.The war truly is not real to Leper C. Leper has always advocated for peace D. Leper always planned on getting his degree

Option A seems to be the closest explanation for why Finny thinks Leper's involvement in the war makes the war seem unrealistic. World War II serves as a backdrop for Knowles's A Separate Peace, but the war creeps gradually into our main characters' lives as the story progresses. Finny is described as the most athletic and physically graceful of the boys at Devon. However, he is critically injured in an accident (that perhaps his best friend Gene engineered or caused) and cannot participate in the war. World War II was a time when citizens felt it was their duty to contribute in some way to the war effort. Finny would have been an excellent soldier, yet he cannot fight. This fact makes the war unreal to him. Further, the school's distance from the front, its relatively peaceful and idyllic setting, and the young age of its pupils who cannot yet enlist add to the sense of surrealism. However, when Leper enlists, the war seems even absurd. Leper is somewhat shy and doesn't seem preoccupied with asserting his masculinity to his classmates the way some of the other boys do. He could be described as "peaceful," so option C would also work as an answer to this question. I choose A, though, because I think that Leper's enlistment is utterly unlikely; he seems like the least prepared or open to participate in war. His choice to join the army is ironic when you consider that other of the more traditionally masculine, aggressive students like Brinker, do not act similarly (despite proclamations to the contrary). It makes sense that Leper deserts and suffers from severe PTSD in the aftermath of his war experiences.

In August Wilson's Fences, how have circumstances helped to make Troy the man he is? How might his life have been different had he turned fifty-three in either 1947 or 1967, or had he been white?

The whole point of August Wilson's play Fences is that circumstances beyond his main character's control have conspired to destroy whatever chances that character may have had to enjoy life and live prosperously. Troy Maxson is a garbageman, a profession historically if unfairly associated with poverty and ignorance. He is also a middle-aged African American whose prospects as a professional athlete—specifically, as a baseball player—were dashed by virtue of his ethnicity. Wilson's play begins in 1957, ten years after Major League Baseball became an integrated sport. Troy is 53 years old. His best years are behind him and he knows it. Forced by virtue of the institutionalized segregation that kept African Americans out of many professions and that condemned them to an inferior socioeconomic status, Troy, as with many other African American ballplayers, had to be content throughout his peak physical years playing in the Negro Leagues for much less money and much less fame. Early in Fences, Troy and his far more pragmatic wife Rose argue about what could have been had racism not proven such an overwhelming obstacle to success. Ten years before the play opens, Jackie Robinson has broken the color barrier as the first African American to sign with a major league team. Responding to Rose's pride over the symbolism of Robinson's accomplishment, Troy states the following:




"I done seen a hundred niggers play baseball better than Jackie Robinson. Hell, I know some teams Jackie Robinson couldn’t even make! What you talking about Jackie Robinson. Jackie Robinson wasn’t nobody. I’m talking about if you could play ball then they ought to have let you play. Don’t care what color you were. Come telling me I come along too early. If you could play . . . then they ought to have let you play."

Fences is driven by Troy's sense of disappointment in having been unable to realize his potential as a baseball player solely on account of the color of his skin. What makes the play such a tragedy, however, is how Troy's inability to make it to the major leagues has left him eternally bitter, and it is this bitterness and resentment of those who are now able to prosper, like Jackie Robinson, that drives him to sabotage the prospects of his son Cory.
Had Troy been born ten years later, he might have benefited from Branch Rickey's liberal attitudes towards race. Rickey was the real-life owner of the Brooklyn Dodgers who took a chance and signed the African American Robinson, thereby integrating what was known as "America's pastime." Any period of time subsequent to 1947 would have been preferential for an African American ballplayer aspiring to join the big leagues. While segregation continued into the 1950s, and while the civil rights movement would have to continue its struggle throughout the 1960s, black athletes were finally being celebrated in professional sports. Troy Maxson would have been a successful athlete, and his life and that of his family would have been very different.
Had Troy been white, then Wilson's story would have been entirely different. Troy would not have confronted racial barriers and his talent and hard-work would have been amply rewarded. 

What are some textual examples of societal expectations for marriage in Jane Austen's Emma?

The social expectation in Emma is that women will marry. Anything else is unacceptable. Women are also expected to marry a person of their own class.
Harriet shows how unacceptable it is for a woman not to marry when she expresses deep shock at Emma's declaration that she will never marry. To be an old maid like Miss Bates is, to Harriet, a terrible fate. Emma actually agrees with her, saying it is ridiculous to be unmarried and poor, but that she, Emma, will be an unmarried older woman with money, so people will fear and respect her. But in the end, threatened with spinsterhood when she finds out the Jane Fairfax is marrying Frank and when she fears Mr. Knightley will marry Harriet, she wants desperately to marry Mr. Knightley herself. Partly this is recognition of her love for him, but it is also evidence of her acceptance that marriage really is the only path for a woman.
In the beginning of the novel, much of the laugh-out-loud comedy can be lost on a modern audience: Mr. Woodhouse's repeated pity and mourning that "poor Miss Taylor" is marrying is the equivalent of someone mourning that a friend won the lottery or had an unexpected inheritance and is moving to a mansion in Palm Beach. For a governess like Miss Taylor to make such a good marriage is an amazing windfall, not something to mourn.
Nearer to the end of the novel, Jane Fairfax's seemingly inevitable fate of becoming a governess is universally pitied. To become a governess rather than marry is to fall down the social ladder, to "sink." Jane herself compares it to slavery. When her secret engagement to marry Frank becomes public, her status is enhanced and secured.
Much of the plot surrounding Harriet's marriage revolves around class expectations. She is illegitimate and doesn't have money, yet Emma can't tolerate the idea of her marrying Mr. Martin, a farmer. Mr. Knightley, however, insists it is a good match for Harriet, the best she can expect. We see through Harriet how much birth and money determine expectations about the person one will marry. That is the case too with Jane Fairfax—nobody expects that a poor, powerless (though accomplished and beautiful) woman like her could marry Frank Churchill—though in this case, as in "poor Miss Taylor's," she is able to marry well.