Susan Glaspell's play Trifles is charged with feminist meaning. Its feminist themes come through in the condescension of the male characters towards the female characters, the gender roles, and the dilemma of justice in a patriarchal society.
The men in the play, especially the county attorney, speak to the women with condescension. All three men mock the women for being concerned about Mrs. Wright's jars of preserves that have frozen and cracked. Mr. Hale observes that they worry about "trifles" regularly, and the county attorney says, patronizingly, "And yet, for all their worries, what would we do without the ladies?" He then observes that Mrs. Hale is "loyal to your sex." The men laugh at the women's discussion about Minnie's plan for her quilt.
The play presents the clearly defined gender roles of the early 1900s. The men have occupations—farmer, attorney, sheriff. The women keep house and raise the children. When Mrs. Hale suggests that "farmers' wives have their hands full," the attorney responds by criticizing Minnie's poor "homemaking instinct." Women are also expected to be helpers to their husbands: The attorney remarks that "a sheriff's wife is married to the law." Despite the presumed superiority of the males, the women succeed where the men do not. Throughout the play, the men are the ones who are tasked with solving the crime, yet the women, by using their special intuitive skills and emotional intelligence, actually find the critical evidence the men overlook.
The most disturbing feminist theme of the play is the question of whether a woman can receive true justice in a male-dominated society. As the picture of Minnie Wright's lonely and oppressed life with John Wright becomes clear to Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters, they find it harder to reveal the evidence of Minnie's motive for murder that they have discovered. Although they know that "the law is the law," they also know that twelve men on a jury will not treat Minnie with understanding—they are not the "jury of her peers" that the Constitution guarantees. (Glaspell later wrote a short story version of this play titled "A Jury of Her Peers." At the time in which the play and story were written, women didn't serve on US juries.) It seems clear that Mrs. Wright did murder her husband, possibly because she feared that his temper would result in her neck being broken like the bird's if she didn't. In her patriarchal society, battered or abused women had few options for protection. Any concerns she might have expressed to law enforcement about her safety would probably have earned her a condescending laugh and pat on the head like those the county attorney so liberally doled out to women. At least if Minnie's case were to be tried in front of a jury of half women, she might have a chance of a reduced sentence. But Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters know she will appear before a male judge and an all-male jury and that she won't receive justice, so they take justice into their own hands.
Glaspell's short play brims with feminist insights about patronizing male attitudes toward women, rigid gender roles, and the lack of justice toward oppressed women.
Thursday, February 1, 2018
What is the meaning of the play in a feminist context?
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