Synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic categories are part of the functional classification (i.e., movement) of joints. Within this framework, synarthrotic joints have little to no mobility (e.g., fibrous joints like skull sutures and teeth). Amphiarthrotic joints have minor mobility (e.g., cartilaginous joints like intervertebral discs), while diathrotic, or synovial, joints have maximum mobility and can be categorized into plane, ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, condyloid (e.g., ovular joints like wrist joints), and saddle (concave-convex joints like the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, or the malleus and incus in the middle ear) groups.
Overall, the diathrotic joints possess the range of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction, whereas the synarthrotic and amphiarthrotic joints are limited in movement by their structures (e.g., skull sutures, intervertebral discs, distal joints, pubic symphysis). The range of motion for diathrotic joints can be further subdivided into two categories:
(1) Angular Movement
Flexion – bending the elbow or knee
Extension – the opposite of flexion
Abduction – moving the arms inward, away from the body, or spreading the fingers apart
Adduction – the opposite of abduction
(2) Circular Movement
Rotation – turning the head from side to side, twisting the waist
Circumduction – conical movement of shoulders, wrist, trunk, hops, ankle joints
Additional Sources:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/joints-and-skeletal-movement/
https://www.visiblebody.com/learn/skeleton/joints-and-ligaments
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddle_joint
https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/9-5-types-of-body-movements/
Wednesday, February 14, 2018
Compare the amount of movement possible in synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic joints.
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