What were the benefits of industrialization in post-Civil War America? What were the negatives?

The benefits of industrialization in post-Civil War America included a myriad of things. One of these benefits was expanded railroad lines, which facilitated travel for people and goods that were increasingly mass-produced and thus made more widely available. Factories provided jobs for young women, immigrants, and even children. Industrialization created new jobs both in management and technology. Jobs became stratified, which allowed upward mobility for some and bolstered a new, professional middle class.
The negatives of industrialization in post-Civil War America were just as striking as the benefits. Cutting timber for railroad ties stripped forests; mining for iron and coal turned landscapes into moonscapes. Pollution from factories tainted the air and water not only in the immediate vicinity, but beyond, and workers generally lived near the factories in crowded, filthy tenements. Working conditions in factories were often dehumanizing and dangerous, especially for children. Factory goods replaced those previously made by artisans, who had constituted the middle class for centuries. Because artisans' fine skills were outdated, in order to stay employed they had to conform to the new reality and "dumb down" by servicing part of the process that they previously mastered from start to finish. The new middle class included the factory managers and owners that replaced these artisans.