Thursday, May 31, 2018

How did changes in Australian government policy during the post-World War II era affect the rights and freedoms of Aboriginal peoples?

The years following World War Two saw the beginning of major changes to improve the rights of Australia's indigenous population, but it also saw a number of abuses and setbacks.
The first significant change in the Australian government's policy toward Aboriginal peoples occurred in 1948 with the Commonwealth Citizenship and Nationality Act. This act defined an Australian citizen in terms distinct from that of a British subject, as had previously been the case. The former arrangement did not have any provisions for Aboriginal peoples. With the passage of the act and its implementation in January 1949, Australia's Aboriginal population was included in the citizenry of the nation for the first time. The Commonwealth Citizenship and Nationality Act defined the rights and duties of its citizens. This gave Aborigines certain protections under the law. However, legal discrimination still existed on the local level in most states.
In 1949, the Commonwealth Electoral Act extended the right to vote to certain Aboriginal people. It allowed former servicemen and those registered to vote in certain states the right to vote. This law was significant in that it allowed some indigenous people to vote on a federal level for the first time. It was far from inclusive, however, as Aboriginal people in certain states still had no voting rights at all at the local level.
Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, the Australian government conducted a series of nuclear tests on Aboriginal land in South Australia with little concern for indigenous rights. Thousands were forcibly removed from their land, and many were exposed to radiological fallout as a result of the nuclear detonations. No compensation was provided by the government at the time.
In 1962, after years of lobbying by the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, all Aboriginal peoples were given the right to vote by an amendment to the Commonwealth Electoral Act. Unlike other Australians, voting by indigenous peoples was not compulsory. With increased civic participation, slow but incremental changes began to occur in the nation's treatment of its native peoples. It was not until 1973 that native peoples were represented in the national government.
https://www.aec.gov.au/indigenous/milestones.htm

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