How does Scout’s limited understanding of the events in chapter 15 affect the reader?

Scout's limited understanding of the events in Chapter 15 inspires our awe at the depth of a child's trust.
It never occurs to Scout that the men at the jail could possibly hurt her. As we read of the encounter between the men and Atticus, we also discover that Scout initially makes a miscalculation. She thinks that she recognizes the men congregated around her father, but she soon realizes that she has never seen any of them before.
Not surprisingly, Jem enters into the fray. He stands his ground and refuses to leave. When one of the men grab Jem roughly, Scout kicks him. Since she makes another miscalculation and kicks higher than the man's shins, the latter falls back in pain. Now, Scout's actions highlight the immediacy of a child's emotions.
She kicks the man because he's hurting Jem. It never occurs to Scout that she could be hurt badly in return. Additionally, Scout doesn't realize that Jem actually has an inkling of the danger all of them are in. In her characteristic innocence, Scout addresses Mr. Cunningham in order to defuse the situation.
Here, Scout doesn't realize that Mr. Cunningham is part of the informal posse to lynch Tom Robinson. She talks to Mr. Cunningham with respect and kind regard, the way Atticus would want her to.
Scout's kindness inspires Mr. Cunningham (and the men) to recognize their common humanity. Her trusting behavior disarms the men, and the poisonous atmosphere of hatred dissipates as a result. So, Scout's limited understanding of the events inspires us with awe at the power of childlike innocence, trust, and dignity.

Given the fact that Scout narrates the story in retrospect, the reader perceives events, characters, and situations from her naive point of view. In chapter 15, Scout runs into the middle of a lynch mob that intends to harm her father in order to murder Tom Robinson. Once Scout enters the group of men, she searches for a familiar face and attempts to have a casual conversation with Walter Cunningham. Scout is unaware of the dangerous situation she has entered and does not grasp the gravity of the situation.
Scout's limited understanding of the situation emphasizes her naive point of view and childish innocence. Her perspective gives the reader a rare look at how a child would perceive such a menacing, dangerous circumstance. Scout's innocent reaction also creates sympathy for Atticus. The reader is aware of Scout's age and innocence and sympathizes with Atticus's difficult position. At this dramatic, intense moment in the novel, Atticus's primary concern is Scout, Jem, and Dill's well-being. Overall, the reader sympathizes with Scout and her father when she decides to run into the middle of a lynch mob in chapter 15.