How would you summarize Arthur Clough's poem "Say Not the Struggle Naught Availeth"?

This poem, written in 1849 and published in 1855, is written to encourage those who were disappointed and discouraged by the failures of the 1848 revolutions in France and Italy. Many, like Clough, who had an evangelical background, hoped the uprising would bring needed reforms to help the working classes and the poor. 
The poem can seem difficult because of the archaic language, but it is actually very straightforward. In the first stanza, Clough answers the naysayers who are despairing. He contradicts those who are say that nothing will change. That is not true, he states. The "struggle," "labor" and "wounds" suffered were not worthless ("in vain").
In the second stanza, he continues this theme. If people say they were betrayed by false hopes, maybe the fears they now feel are also lying to them. Maybe, though we cannot see it—here Clough uses the image of smoke—the people on the side of revolution and change are almost at the victory point and only need us to join in order to win the day. In other words, he is saying that rather than despair, people should keep on struggling for change.
The third and fourth stanzas use nature images to make the same point: while it may seem as if nothing is changing, out of view great things may be happening. The ocean waves seem never to gain an inch, no matter how many times they break on the shore, but waters may be flooding fields out of view, bringing new contours to the land. Likewise, playing on the idea that it is always darkest before dawn, the final stanza says that it can seem as if the sun will never rise—and then it does.
Clough suggests in this poem that the defeats suffered are temporary setbacks. Margaret Drabble, a writer and critic, says the poem never fails to bring tears to her eyes, and it does have a sincere simplicity that moves our emotions. Further, its language is general and universal, so that it is applicable to any struggle.
https://lithub.com/margaret-drabble-on-say-not-the-struggle-naught-availeth/

Arthur Clough's poem "Say Not the Struggle Naught Availeth" was first published under the title "The Struggle" in an American art journal, The Crayon, in 1855. Many critics assume that it refers to the failure of liberal reforms in France and Italy in the late 1840s.
The poem consists of 16 lines organized into four open quatrains, each rhymed ABAB. The poem's meter is iambic tetrameter, with frequent metrical variations and several feminine rhymes. 
The themes and some of the phrasing of the poem are taken from the Bible, specifically:

And let us not be weary in well doing: for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not. (Galatians 6:9)

The theme of the Biblical passage in the poem is that one must persist in a struggle for what one knows is right even if the end goal seems distant or one endures various setbacks. It compares human struggles to a tide that recedes but advances again and suggests that even if one sees no immediate results from one's actions, they still may have effects one cannot immediately perceive. 

y = 1/x , y=0 , x=1 , x=3 Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of the equations about the x-axis.

For the region bounded by y=1/x ,y=0 , x=1 and x=3 and revolved about the x-axis, we may apply Disk method. For the Disk method, we consider a perpendicular rectangular strip with the axis of revolution.
As shown on the attached image, the thickness of the rectangular strip is "dx" with a vertical orientation perpendicular to the x-axis (axis  of revolution).
We follow the formula for the Disk method:V = int_a^b A(x) dx  where disk base area is A= pi r^2 with.
 Note: r = length of the rectangular strip. We may apply r = y_(above)-y_(below).
Then r = f(x)= 1/x-0
        r =1/x
The boundary values of x is a=1 to b=3 .
Plug-in the f(x) and the boundary values to integral formula, we get: 
V = int_1^3 pi (1/x)^2 dx
V = int_1^3 pi 1/x^2 dx
Apply basic integration property: intc*f(x) dx = c int f(x) dx .
V = pi int_1^3 1/x^2 dx
Apply Law of Exponent: 1/x^n =x^(-n) and Power rule for integration: int x^n dy= x^(n+1)/(n+1) .
V = pi int_1^3 x^(-2) dx
V = pi*x^((-2+1))/((-2+1)) |_1^3
V = pi*x^(-1)/(-1) |_1^3
V = pi*-1/x |_1^3 or -pi/x|_1^3
Apply definite integration formula: int_a^b f(y) dy= F(b)-F(a) .
V = (-pi/3) - (-pi/1)
V = -pi/3+pi
V = 2pi/3

How does William Golding introduce the idea of community versus anarchy in the novel Lord of the Flies?

Golding initially introduces the idea of community when Ralph holds the first assembly and creates the rule about holding the conch while he addresses the group. Golding also portrays the idea of community by the boy's willingness to help gather wood for the signal fire. The conflict between community versus anarchy arises in Chapter 3 when Jack begins to argue with Ralph about the importance of meat over building shelters. The shelters are a significant symbol of civilization and the boy's willingness to participate in helping construct them demonstrates the conflict between community versus anarchy. Jack, a character who represents anarchy, values hunting which is an activity associated with bloodlust and savagery. He feels that it is more important to kill pigs for food than it is to build shelters. However, Ralph does not share his views and tries to encourage the others to help him build huts on the beach. Initially, all the boys help construct the first hut but soon abandon helping Ralph and Simon complete the other two. The condition of the huts and Jack's insistence on the importance of hunting illustrate the initial conflict between community versus anarchy.

Who held Percy's mom hostage in Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Lightning Thief?

In the story, it is Hades who holds Percy's mother (Sally Jackson) hostage.
Earlier in the story, Zeus's master bolt is missing, and everyone suspects that Hades has it. However, Zeus believes that Percy stole the bolt (on behalf of his father, Poseidon). Athena, the goddess of war, is supporting Zeus in the conflict. Meanwhile, Apollo, Aphrodite, and Ares are firmly in Poseidon's camp.
It is Ares who reveals that Hades is keeping Percy's mother in the Underworld. For his part, Hades believes that Percy stole both Zeus's master bolt and his own Helm of Darkness. The god of the Underworld thinks that Poseidon has used Percy to steal his most powerful weapon. So, Hades kidnapped Percy's mother in order to lure Percy to the Underworld.
Unbeknownst to Percy, the master bolt is in his backpack, planted there by Ares himself. For his part, Hades thinks that Percy will use Zeus's master bolt as a bargaining chip.
Knowing that he does not have the helm of darkness, Percy has to leave the Underworld. Back on earth, he confronts Ares and engages him in battle. Eventually, Ares gives up the helm of darkness, and Percy brings it back to the Underworld. Later, Percy learns that his mother is alive and well.

What is Miss Strangeworth's reputation in town?

Miss Strangeworth has a very good reputation in town. She's seen as a kindly, harmless little old lady. She often stops to talk to people in the street on her daily rounds, dispensing advice and generally making pleasant conversation. No one would ever suspect just how vicious and nasty she really is. After all, she's lived in the town longer than just about everyone else; her father was one of the first people to build a house in the street where she lives. And she's always seemed to care very deeply about the town and its inhabitants. Miss Strangeworth is a local institution.
The problem, however, is that Miss Strangeworth has become, in her own mind at least, the unofficial guardian of the town's stability and moral purity. This is her town, and she thinks that gives her the right to tell other people how to live their lives. And when she sits down in her quiet little study to write those nasty poison-pen letters, she genuinely thinks she's doing the town an important public service. 

Why does Napoleon educate the pigs?

Napolean is a very wise leader who is a pragmatist and that is why he wants to keep a division between the pigs and other animals on the farm. Napolean tries to put himself and his family on a higher pedestal than the rest of the animals and that is why he seeks to educate the piglets that he fathered because he would like to keep his legacy. Napolean wants to give his children an advantage over other animals. This in truth highlights the importance of education for a demagogue who uses the narrative of the body over mind for other animals but when it comes to his own children he prefers that they get educated.

In chapter nine, four sows give birth to a total of 31 piglets, all of whom were fathered by Napoleon. Shortly after, Napoleon decides to build a schoolroom, solely dedicated to the education of these piglets. What is interesting about this decision is that the farm is running very low on funds. Given the dire financial situation, then, Napoleon must have a strong reason for educating these pigs. Although no single reason is given in the text, we can use our wider knowledge of Napoleon to infer his motivation for educating the piglets.
Firstly, educating the pigs helps to reinforce the social division which exists between the pigs and the other animals on the farm. Remember that none of the other animals have received any education since Snowball left the farm. For Napoleon, their value is derived from their labor, not from their minds. Educating the pigs, therefore, sends a clear message that the pigs are socially superior to the others.
In addition, educating the piglets is also about legacy. By educating them, Napoleon guarantees that this clear social distinction will continue long after his death because these piglets will have been educated accordingly.
Thirdly, educating the pigs is an important part of maintaining the pigs' role as leaders on the farm. Remember back in chapter three when Squealer referred to the pigs as "brainworkers"—it is his justification for stealing the milk and apples. Educating the pigs, therefore, enables this stereotype to flourish because it supports the idea that the pigs are the most intelligent creatures on the farm. Education, therefore, enables the pigs to maintain this allusion and, in the longer term, maintain their power.
Finally, by educating the pigs, Napoleon is able to protect and maintain his own power base on the farm. Note that in chapter nine, the narrator says that he takes personal responsibility for teaching these piglets. By doing this, he is in total control of the educational and social agenda. He can tell the piglets whatever he wants to without fear of being contradicted by anyone else. Just as he trained the puppies to be his personal bodyguards, Napoleon can teach these piglets whatever he likes. He is, therefore, molding the next generation into whatever he chooses, and this is one of the ways in which he can personally preserve his absolute power on the farm.

What did Eliezer care about after his father passed away?

In Chapter 8, Eliezer and his father arrive Buchenwald. Throughout the chapter, Eliezer's father gets weaker each day until he is unable to move. Despite his father's declining physical condition, Eliezer remains loyal to him and continues to bring his father soup and coffee. Eliezer is even tempted to stop feeding and caring for his father when someone advises him to keep the food for himself, but Eliezer continues to look after his father. On the night of January 28, 1945, Eliezer's father dies and is taken away before daybreak. When Eliezer gets up on the morning of January 29, 1945, he knows that his father has died because his cot is empty. Eliezer mentions that there were no prayers said over his father's tomb or candles lit in his memory. After his father's death, Eliezer said that he did not weep and that nothing mattered to him anymore. Eliezer loses all hope and essentially becomes numb after his father's death. The traumatic experiences have left Eliezer emotionless.