Summarize Carl Jung's theory of "consciousness." Please use at least 3 references. Also, please discuss the positive applications of the theory, and discuss the components of this theory that might make this theory challenging to apply. Discuss two ways in which this theory can be applied in a counseling setting. Include a description of how this theory can embrace multiculturalism and support culturally competent counseling practice.

Carl Jung's greatest contribution to the field of psychology was the theory of the collective unconscious.
In his theory, Jung presented the idea of a "collective unconscious" that lies beneath our personal unconscious. This collective unconscious is an inherited or primal part of our human psyche that has existed since time began. It is manifested in what are called "archetypes," which supposedly motivate how we behave and make decisions.
Archetypes are essentially cross-cultural, inherited tendencies or forms of thought; they can be found in movies, music, literature, and art. Archetypes include male/female (anima/animus), villain/hero, mother/father, and friend/enemy variations. In the occult/metaphysical realm, archetypes are also called Spirit Guides.
Carl Jung proposed that the human psyche is a self-regulating system, one that seeks to reconcile the conscious and the collective unconscious. This process of individuation is manifested in a personal "pilgrimage" and can be useful in helping patients discover their unique archetypal energies. Essentially, Jung focused on helping people identify the primary motivators in their lives. To this end, he focused on seven main archetypes:

The hero—we experience the pilgrimage through his eyes.
The mentor—the hero's helper.
The threshold guardian—guards the secrets of the Special World and tests the hero.
The herald—issues the call to adventure and announces challenges.
The shapeshifter—hides others' motives and loyalties, misleads the hero.
The shadow—often disguises evil and/or darkest desires.
The trickster—focuses on disrupting the status quo through humor or ridicule.

In a counseling setting, Jungian analytical psychology can be a positive force to help patients develop a balanced relationship with their unconscious:
1) Play therapy, through patient-directed drawing exercises, helps sex abuse victims (especially children) process emotions that cannot be adequately expressed in words. Spontaneous drawings aid in reconciling good and evil influences and inspire strength to transcend the evil.
2) Dream therapy helps patients interpret dreams and the symbols in them in order to heal from depression, anxiety, grief, self-esteem issues, and so on.
In terms of multiculturalism or culturally competent counseling, Jung's theory of the collective unconscious can help patients explore the roots of racism. For his part, Jung proposed that the collective unconscious is race-blind. He postulated that variants of racial unconsciousness did not exist and that there is only one (universal) racial unconscious. He also claimed that racial differentiation is learned and then adopted by the collective (conscious) psyche. For more, please refer to the link I provided.
http://journalpsyche.org/tag/jung-and-collective-unconscious/

https://archive.org/stream/TheCollectiveUnconsciousAndItsArchetypes_100/ArchetypesAlongJung_djvu.txt

Identify the foreign policies of Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. What role do these ideas play in foreign policy today?

Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson had their own views on foreign policy. Roosevelt’s foreign policy can be summarized by the phrase, “speak softly and carry a big stick.” Roosevelt believed the United States should let its actions speak for themselves. The United States told European countries that the United States would intervene in Latin America if the Europeans had issues with these countries. The United States intervened in the Dominican Republic in 1905 to help Europe collects its debts from this country. The United States wanted to build a canal somewhere in Central America. The United States intervened in Columbia, helping Panama become independent, when Columbia refused to sign an agreement that would allow the United States to build a canal through Columbia.
William Taft believed in "dollar diplomacy." He believed the United States should invest in other countries to gain influence there. When investments were threatened, the United States would intervene to protect those investments. This happened in Nicaragua in 1911.
Woodrow Wilson believed in expanding democracy. The involvement of the United States in World War I on the side of the Allies is an example of this. Wilson also believed in investing in other countries, but he was against the policy of dollar diplomacy.
These ideas can be seen in modern American foreign policy. The United States has intervened to promote democratic governments. The current involvement of the United States in South Korea, against the threat of North Korea, is an example. The United States also currently invests in other countries. The United States is a major player on the world stage, and the United States has not been afraid to flex their muscles when needed. The fight against terrorism in Iraq and Afghanistan is an example of this. The United States also has supported Israel in the Middle East when Israel has faced threats from other countries or groups of people.
http://m.american-historama.org/1881-1913-maturation-era/dollar-diplomacy.htm

https://edsitement.neh.gov/curricula/woodrow-wilson-and-foreign-policy

https://millercenter.org/president/roosevelt/foreign-affairs

What is the symbolism and conclusion of "The Drunken Boat"?

"The Drunken Boat," by Arthur Rimbaud, is known for its heavy use of symbolism. In fact, the work continues to be mysterious after more than a century of academic study. Many readers have suggested that the poem uses metaphysical as well as esoteric symbolism.
Perspective and Symbolism
"The Drunken Boat" is told through a first-person singular perspective. The speaker is a lone sailor who describes the colorful imagery around him as well as his boredom and loneliness, which makes for an interesting contrast. The speaker uses the drunken boat as a symbol to represent himself and the isolation he feels from humanity. Like him, the ship has become a "martyr" and lost its connection to human morality and guidance.
In addition to the obvious symbolism of the boat, there are many subtle layers of symbolism as well. The speaker laments, "O let my keel burst! Let me find the sea!" This is likely a more obscure use of symbolism since the speaker has previously implied that he is already out at sea. This line could be interpreted as his desire to find peace or some other worthwhile goal symbolized by the water. On a deeper level, it suggests that the speaker has lost sight of the fact that what he is seeking, symbolized by the sea, is already all around him if he will only recognize it.
Childhood and Innocence
Children are used as a symbol for innocence throughout the poem. The speaker longs to recapture the innocence of youth and finds himself adrift in the adult world. At the time of writing the poem, Rimbaud was an adolescent. The poem expresses his simultaneous desire for adult autonomy and the freedom of youth. The boat in the poem has broken free of its moorings, which serves as a symbol for the transition from childhood to early adulthood. Like an adolescent, the boat is "drunk" on its newfound freedom, but it finds itself traveling towards an unknown destination. The boat's lack of a rudder, grappling hook or haulers symbolizes the youth's feeling of exhilarating freedom and the aimlessness that comes along with it. This is the double-edged sword of autonomy.
Age and Death
Each of the adventures the boat experiences during its voyage symbolizes human life experiences that come with age. As the poem progresses, the boat grows weary and weathered. Its physical deterioration is a symbol for both the physical and spiritual deterioration of the human aging process. By the end of the story, the boat longs for rest at the bottom of the sea. This could be seen as a symbol for the eternal rest provided by death. The line, "Every moon is atrocious and every sun bitter," could symbolize the speaker's growing cynicism as he reaches the end of his life journey. Things that were once exciting and beautiful have become wearisome.
Unusual Symbolism
In addition to the obvious symbolism found throughout the poem, there are many examples of symbolism that are less clear. Subsequent readings of the poem leave the reader unsure of the meaning of references to a low sun "spotted with mystic horrors" or the boat's dream of "the yellow and blue awakening of singing phosphorous." While such lines could be interpreted as convoluted references to elements previously presented in the poem, such as the approaching night or the setting sun, their obscure phrasing creates a sense of mystery and even hints at the speaker's irrationality.
Conclusion
Through both overt and mysterious symbolism, "The Drunken Boat" offers multiple layers of meaning for the reader to consider. On its surface, this poem symbolizes the often tumultuous journey from youth to adulthood. The boat's eventual longing to sink to the bottom of the ocean serves as a somber conclusion, but there is a ray of hope. With a cry of, "O let me go into the sea!" the boat has accepted its fate and welcomes death. In this sense, the conclusion of the poem is satisfying and brings an end to the painful experiences of the speaker as well as the good.

What is the theme of Thomas Harris's Silence of the Lambs?

The theme of The Silence of the Lambs is certainly about evil, but it is more nuanced than that. The most prominent theme that spreads throughout the work is the idea of betrayal and trust.
In the novel, there are two primary evil characters, Hannibal Lecter and Buffalo Bill. Both of them work within a trusted structure, betraying that trust at the final hour to make their evil action. Bill speaks with and seduces women, before kidnapping and eventually murdering them—certainly evil and sadistic, but also an act of betrayal.
The climax of the story is the ultimate betrayal. Lecter, who has worked to gain the trust and confidence of Clarice, the protagonist, uses the deal they strike after he helps her find Buffalo Bill to escape. Being a prolific serial killer and cannibal, he performs cruel and torturous acts to gain his ultimate freedom, following the same pattern as Buffalo Bill—sadistic, evil, but more importantly, a betrayer.

The main theme in Thomas Harris's Silence of the Lambs is the nature of evil and the many ways that evil can be acted out. For Clarice Starling, the protagonist of the book, evil is a force that she sees every day in her job as an FBI agent. While investigating the grotesque crimes of the serial killer Buffalo Bill, Starling has to work through the evils of her own life and the evils of serial killer Dr. Hannibal Lecter, her informant.
Unlike the other FBI agents in the novel, Clarice Starling sees the actions of the serial killer through the eyes of the victims. This is a distinct difference that provides her with empathy in direct opposition to evil. Starling's empathy does work to give Dr. Hannibal Lecter, the prime figure of evil as a force of nature, moments of sympathy. In their transactions, Starling and Lecter alter from a balanced relationship of civility to a harshly tenuous working relationship that shows the dichotomy of the innocence versus evil they embody.
Buffalo Bill and Lecter are directly evil despite their differences regarding their civility, but Harris points out that evil can be subtle and less transparent. Lecter makes this point to Starling, stating that evil is not always apparent. Evil can take the form of selfishness (like Jack Crawford) or greed (like Dr. Chilton).

What are some characteristics that helped Squeaky overcome her problems?

One characteristic that Squeaky uses to overcome her problems is her toughness. She protects her brother, Raymond, who is developmentally disabled. As she says, "But now, if anybody has anything to say to Raymond, anything to say about his big head, they have to come by me." She is willing to risk knocking people down, even though she is a small girl with, as she describes herself, "skinny arms and a squeaky voice." She also has a great deal of determination, and she constantly practices running. As she says, "I’ll high-prance down 34th Street like a rodeo pony to keep my knees strong." She goes running early in the morning to practice, and she also stays up all night to study words in preparation for the spelling bee. Finally, Squeaky is very empathetic. While she knows that she can easily win the May Day race and other races in the future, she thinks she will become Raymond's coach in the future and give up her own running career. She'd rather see him win than continue to bask in the glory of winning her races. 

How is Bad Feminist structured?

Bad Feminist is a collection of essays that touch on a variety of topics including popular culture, politics, sexuality, and her own personal experiences. Some of the essays had been previously published, and Gay wrote some of them specifically for the book. The book contains thirty-seven essays in total, which are grouped into five categories: “Me”; “Gender & Sexuality”; “Race & Entertainment”; “Politics, Gender, and Race”; and “Back to Me.” In “Me,” Gay discusses her personal life, including her experiences as a young teacher. In “Gender & Sexuality,” Gay discusses a range of topics from how to maintain positive female friendships to sexual violence to sexism and the notion of “likeability.” In “Race & Entertainment,” Gay examines how race is portrayed (often problematically) in media and popular culture. “Politics, Gender, and Race” contains several essays that articulate Gay’s political views on issues ranging from abortion rights to racially-motivated murders. In her final section, “Back to Me,” Gay fully explains what she means when she calls herself a “bad feminist” and argues that it is better to be a “bad feminist” than to not be one at all.

How did the US Civil War affect the people and landscape of the US?

Before the Civil War, the southern states of the USA were by and large wealthy, civilized societies, with a so-called "aristocracy" living in large, luxurious houses. The majority of their wealth, however, was founded on the sizable slave trade and upon cotton and rice plantations—becoming a planter was a sure-fire way to make a good living. After the Civil War, the South was comparatively impoverished, with its properties—its slaves—set free and most of its mansions invaded and razed. Sherman's March to the Sea in the latter part of the war had a particularly harrowing effect upon the landscape of the South, with cities burned to the ground and good fertile lands destroyed. The South has never recovered the prosperity it had before the Civil War began.
A significant effect of the war was, of course, the freeing of the slaves following the Emancipation Proclamation. However, in the years that followed the war, under the presidency of Andrew Johnson, it soon became clear that this would not have the immediate effect slaves had hoped for. On the contrary, it stirred up significant unrest and distrust among white Southerners, who felt the North cared more for the Southern blacks than for the now-landless whites, particularly after many blacks were promised "forty acres and a mule" in the South. Reconstruction was a fraught policy, and while blacks were initially promised civil rights and permitted to stand for political office, these were rights that were taken away from them again as a result of the fury among white Southerners, who eventually were permitted to take back their lands from the blacks. The North, having fallen into an economic depression, lost interest in the civil rights of black Southerners, and many slaves were pressed back into positions similar to those they had been in under slavery. The Civil War had thus created an impoverished and resentful society in the South, but had certainly not solved the problem of racism, an issue which continues to this day.
A quarter of the young men of a generation had been lost to the war in some places. This, naturally, had a harrowing effect; it lowered the birth rate and left many men handicapped by their injuries. One positive effect of this was that it drove medical science on to greater heights, particularly in relation to artificial limbs. By and large, however, many of the ideals that emerged after the Civil War were crushed during the unsuccessful period of Reconstruction, the "second Civil War."

The Civil War (1861-1865) has had political and cultural consequences that the nation has still not yet overcome.
The most important outcome of the Civil War is that it led to the end of slavery, with the declaration of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. 
Resentment in the South lingered long after the war—not only because of the region's loss and humiliation, but also because of how Northerners migrated to the South to profit off of cheap land. These people were called "carpetbaggers."
Reconstruction was another source of tension in the South. Reconstruction was intended to ensure the advancement and enfranchisement of black people. Numerous black men became senators and representatives in various Southern states, including Mississippi and South Carolina. However, Rutherford B. Hayes signed the Compromise of 1877, which effectively ended Reconstruction and made black people very vulnerable to intimidation by white citizens. This also allowed white people to illegally seize black-owned property and to kill African Americans with impunity. This history of disenfranchisement partially explains inequalities in wealth and political power between black and white people to date.