What time period was Jim Crow in?

Jim Crow refers to a set of laws that were in place in the American South from the 1870s to the 1960s. They were called the Jim Crow Laws after a famous racist caricature of the same name.
Following the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, which declared all slaves free, there was a period known as Reconstruction. During this period, an attempt was made to grant civil rights to newly freed African Americans. Reconstruction fell through with the rise of Jim Crow Laws in 1877, which enforced segregation in schools, neighborhoods, and public places.
The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, led by visionaries like Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X, fought against Jim Crow Laws and the inequality that they both represented and enforced. The passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 can be seen as the official end of the Jim Crow period.
August Wilson's play Fences is set in the 1950s (while Jim Crow laws were still in place), and this backdrop of racial inequality, along with the burgeoning Civil Rights Movement, is extremely important to the themes and actions of the play.