Wednesday, January 1, 2014

What are three similarities that the characters Willy Loman from Death of a Salesman and Hamlet of Shakespeare share? Please elaborate with examples.

Though it would seem like a 63-year-old American traveling salesman in the middle of the twentieth century and a young Danish prince from the late middle ages would not have much in common, they are similar in a few ways.
First of all, both men entertain thoughts of suicide. The reasons for Hamlet's existential despair are not fully articulated, but readers can understand his unhappiness at his father's murder, his mother's swift remarriage (to his uncle, the murderer, no less), losing out on the throne that should be his, and his perception that his girlfriend has become a spy. Hamlet's contemplation of suicide is discussed in his famous "to be or not to be" soliloquy in act 3, scene 1. Willy Loman's reasons for committing suicide are not fully articulated either, but readers understand that he is deeply discouraged over his lack of success. Additionally, he is at an age when most people are thinking of retiring. He still faces debt, and he is let go at his job because he has outlived his usefulness, a major blow to his psyche. He is not a role model to his sons, he has not amassed enough wealth to have a comfortable retirement, and he has betrayed his wife. His shame is overwhelming. He surrenders his dignity to Howard by begging to be kept on at his job by saying, "You can’t eat the orange and throw the peel away—a man is not a piece of fruit!"
Secondly, both Hamlet and Willy have "visitations" from people who have passed on. In Hamlet's case it is his father's ghost who reveals to him the circumstances of his murder and urges him to seek vengeance with the words "revenge his foul and most unnatural murder." The ghost appears in the play and recites lines, but it is only Hamlet who hears them, opening up the possibility that Hamlet only imagines it. Likewise, Willy Loman engages in conversation with his late brother Ben, a man who had been adventurous and had great success in life, two qualities that Willy lacks. In the end, Willy understands Ben to have given him the go-ahead for his suicide.
Lastly, both men have fractious relationships with others. Hamlet is angry with his mother because of her hasty marriage to Claudius; he castigates her in act 3, scene 4, ultimately asking her "O shame, where is thy blush?" Hamlet also rejects Ophelia for her disloyalty; when she seeks to return some of his love tokens in act 3, scene 1, he denies ever giving them to her, saying "I never gave you aught." Willy's relationship with his son Biff is troubled. Biff is a ne'er-do-well that makes Willy feel like a failure as a parent. Biff and Willy's difficult relationship is further strained because Biff discovers that Willy has been having an affair. Willy also has trouble getting along with his much younger boss, Howard, whose callousness in the way he fires Willy is especially humiliating.

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