Define marketing and sales and explain how they are different from one another. How are they dependent upon one another?

Marketing consists of tactics that are used to communicate to potential customers and draw their attention to a company. It generally consists of a variety of persuasive strategies that are aimed at presenting the positive aspects of a business in hopes of earning clients and, eventually, making sales. A few of the most well-known marketing strategies include social media promotions, advertisements, mailings, etc. Widely speaking, it is the first step in the process.
Sales, on the other hand, generally occur after the marketing stage. Once a customer has shown interest, then the sales process begins in an effort to “land the deal.” Often, this takes place through small meetings, direct phone calls, or emails. While marketing appeals to the masses, selling appeals on a more personal level.
Clearly, marketing and sales are interconnected. Successful businesses require both a strong marketing team and a strong sales team. It is the responsibility of marketing to bring awareness of the company to wide audience. It is then the responsibility of the sales team to communicate with individuals and execute a sale, contract, or deal. Ideally, marketing and sales teams will effectively communicate with each other, and develop a comprehensive plan that will gain customers for the company.

How did both David Walker and Alexander Crummell argue their cases about the future of diasporic Africans in America?

While both of these African American men were quite educated and wanted better rights for other African Americans, they had different ideas.  Walker, whose father was a slave, believed that slavery should be abolished immediately and that African Americans should be able to serve on juries and attend good schools in an attempt to promote their equality.  Walker broke with other abolitionists of the period who believed in gradual abolition.  
Crummell, an African American minister from the latter half of the nineteenth century, wanted better educational opportunities for African Americans.  He also promoted that African Americans move to Liberia.  During this time, racism was prevalent in an America that had just abolished slavery.  Many African Americans saw that there were few opportunities in mainstream society and decided to emigrate to the Western states.  Some, like Crummell, started a "back to Africa" movement in which African American people could establish their own society.  The "back to Africa" movement would gain some traction, though few African Americans had the means or the desire to do it.  
https://www.biography.com/writer/david-walker

College Algebra, Chapter 1, 1.3, Section 1.3, Problem 80

The sum of the squares of two consecutive even integers is $1252$. Find the integers.

$
\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline\\
\text{Words} & \text{Algebra} \\
\text{First even number} & x \\
\text{Second even number} & x + 2 \\
\text{Square of the first number} & x^2 \\
\text{Square of the second number} & (x + 2)^2 \\
\text{Sum of the square of the numbers} & x^2 + (x + 2)^2\\
\hline
\end{array}
$

From the table,


$
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}

x^2 (x + 2)^2 =& 1252
&& \text{Model}
\\
\\
x^2 + x^2 + 4x + 4 =& 1252
&& \text{Expand}
\\
\\
2x^2 + 4x =& 1248
&& \text{Combine like terms}
\\
\\
x^2 + 2x =& 624
&& \text{Divide both sides by 2}
\\
\\
x^2 + 2x - 624 =& 0
&& \text{Subtract 624}
\\
\\
(x + 26)(x - 24) =& 0
&& \text{Factor}
\\
\\
x + 26 =& 0 \text{ and } x - 24 = 0
&& \text{Zero Product Property}
\\
\\
x =& -26 \text{ and } x = 24
&& \text{Solve for } x
\\
\\
x =& 24
&& \text{Choose } x > 0

\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
$


Thus, the even numbers are 24 and 26.

How do expectations play a role in the lives of the Socs and Greasers in The Outsiders?

The Greasers can't be seen as individuals, only as members of the Greasers. For example, when they walk down the street, "Greasers can't walk alone too much or they'll get jumped" (page 3). Members of the rival gang, Socs, only see Greasers as rivals who deserve to be jumped. Boys on the East Side become Greasers, while kids on the richer West-Side are "Socs," or Socials. People expect the Greasers to act in a way that Ponyboy describes as "hoods." As he says, "we steal things and drive old souped-up cars and hold up gas stations and have a gang fight once in a while" (page 4). The Socs, on the other hand, "jump greasers and wreck houses" (page 4). The expectations that these gangs have of themselves and each other determine their behavior.
Though both groups engage in youthful misdeeds, the Socs have the capacity to go on to college, and people think they are capable of more. As Ponyboy says, the Socs "get editorials in the paper for being a public disgrace one day and an asset to society the next" (page 4). In other words, people still expect the Socs to contribute to society, but it's hard for Greasers to be taken seriously as anything other than hoods. Even though Ponyboy, a member of the Greasers, is smart, he has to prove himself as a writer and as a student--which he finally does at the end of the book. 
 
 

What happens at the Ministry of Truth? What is Winston responsible for doing?

The Ministry of Truth is part of the main theme of the novel concerning the nature of language and history. Orwell believes that truth and free speech are the enemies of totalitarianism and that one of the essential steps in establishing totalitarian government is taking control of language, truth, and memory. The Ministry of Truth, which could more accurately be termed one of Propaganda or even mind-control via language, is engaged in several crucial projects for doing this.
The Ministry is engaged in creation of a new language called Newspeak which makes it impossible to articulate subversive thoughts. Another branch of the Ministry is responsible for creating entertainment. Another major function of the Ministry, for which Winston is partly responsible, is rewriting history to make it consistent with present ideology and policy. This means, for example, the Winston goes back through earlier newspapers to revise inaccurate predictions and make them coincide with what has actually happened.

The Ministry of Truth is actually the ministry of lies, just as the Ministry of Love is actually the ministry of torture. At the Ministry of Truth, history is rewritten to align with whatever is the current Party orthodoxy, and it is also where propaganda is produced. Winston's job is to rewrite newspaper articles to align with the Party's current version of reality. For example, whatever superpower Oceania is at war with is supposed to be the superpower it has always been at war with, so when the enemy changes, Winston has to alter newspaper articles to make it appears that Oceania has always been at war with this enemy. He also has to alter news stories to erase Party members who have fallen into disfavor. When he has produced the new version of reality, he drops the old news story down the memory hole where it is burned in a furnace. He then performs doublethink to forget that he ever altered anything, though Winston is prone to commit such thoughcrimes as remembering. 

What are the similarities and differences of the characters Brutus and Cassius?

There are more differences than similarities between the characters of Brutus and Cassius. The two men are similar in being courageous warriors, distinguished Romans, and in both being opposed to the obviously dangerous monarchical ambitions of Julius Caesar. Since Brutus and Cassius are the most important characters in the play, Shakespeare evidently wanted to distinguish them by highlighting their differences. Cassius is selfish, envious, and greedy. He is worldly wise and cunning. He is more outgoing than Brutus. He understands people far better than Brutus because he judges others by himself--and there are always more people like Cassius than like Brutus.
Brutus is a loner, a book-lover, a philosopher. He is moved by ideals rather than by personal interests. Like Cassius, he judges others by himself and consequently makes bad mistakes, most notably by sparing Antony's life and giving him permission to speak at Caesar's funeral. Brutus is kind, generous, and patriotic. He and Cassius are mismatched as partners and were bound to have serious problems in governing together, as dramatized in their famous quarrel in Brutus' tent in Act 4, Scene 2. Brutus only became involved in Cassius' plot to assassinate Caesar because he mistakenly believed Cassius to be noble, patriotic, and altruistic--like himself. 
Brutus is obviously a much better man than Cassius. Even Brutus' enemy Marc Antony pays him tribute at the end of the play when Antony and Octavius are viewing Brutus' dead body on the battlefield at Philippi.

ANTONYThis was the noblest Roman of them all.All the conspirators, save only he,Did that they did in envy of great Caesar;He only, in a general honest thoughtAnd common good to all, made one of them.His life was gentle, and the elementsSo mix'd in him that Nature might stand upAnd say to all the world, “This was a man!”

Calculus of a Single Variable, Chapter 8, 8.5, Section 8.5, Problem 33

Indefinite integral are written in the form of int f(x) dx = F(x) +C
where: f(x) as the integrand
F(x) as the anti-derivative function of f(x)
C as the arbitrary constant known as constant of integration
To evaluate the integral problem: int sqrt(x)/(x-4)dx , we may apply u-substitution by letting:
u=sqrt(x) then u^2 =x and 2u du = dx
Plug-in the values, we get:
int sqrt(x)/(x-4)dx=int u/(u^2-4)* 2udu
= int (2u^2)/(u^2-4)du
To simplify, we may apply long division:(2u^2)/(u^2-4) =2 +8/(u^2-4)
To expand 8/(u^2-4) , we may apply partial fraction decomposition.
The pattern on setting up partial fractions will depend on the factors of the denominator. The factored form for the difference of perfect squares: (u^2-4)= (u-2)(u+2) .

For the linear factor (u-2) , we will have partial fraction: A/(u-2) .
For the linear factor (u+2) , we will have partial fraction: B/(u+2) .
The rational expression becomes:
8/(u^2-4) =A/(u-2) +B/(u+2)
Multiply both side by the LCD =(u-2)(u+2) .
(8/(u^2-4)) *(u-2)(u+2)=(A/(u-2) +B/(u+2)) *(u-2)(u+2)
8=A(u+2) +B(u-2)
We apply zero-factor property on (u-2)(u+2) to solve for values we can assign on u.
u-2=0 then u=2
u+2 =0 then u =-2
To solve for A , we plug-in u=2 :
8=A(2+2) +B(2-2)
8 =4A+0
8=4A
8/(4) = (4A)/4
A = 2
To solve for B , we plug-in u=-2 :
8=A(-2+2) +B(-2-2)
8 =0 -4B
8=-4B
8/(-4) = (-4B)/(-4)
B = -2
Plug-in A = 2 and B =-2 , we get the partial fraction decomposition:
8/(u^2-4)=2/(u-2) -2/(u+2)
Then the integral becomes:
int (2u^2)/(u^2-4)du= int [2+8/(u^2-4)]du
=int [2 +2/(u-2) -2/(u+2)]du
Apply the basic integration property: int (u+-v+-w) dx = int (u) dx +- int (v) dx+- int (w) dx .
int [2 +2/(u-2) -2/(u+2)]du =int 2du +int 2/(u-2) du int -2/(u+2)du
For the first integral, we may apply basic integration property: int a dx = ax+C.
int 2 du = 2u
For the second and third integral, we may apply integration formula for logarithm: int 1/u du = ln|u|+C .
int 2/(u-2) du =2ln|u-2|
int 2/(u+2) du =2ln|u+2|
Combining the results, we get:
int (2u^2)/(u^2-4)du = 2u +2ln|u-2| -2ln|u+2| +C
Apply logarithm property: n*ln|x| = ln|x^n| and ln|x| - ln|y| = ln|x/y|
int (2u^2)/(u^2-4)du = 2u + ln|(u-2)^2| - ln|(u+2)^2| +C
= 2u + ln|(u-2)^2/(u+2)^2| +C
Plug-in u =sqrt(x) on 2u + ln|(u-2)^2/(u+2)^2| +C , we get the indefinite integral as:
int sqrt(x)/(x-4)dx =2sqrt(x) +ln|(sqrt(x)-2)^2/(sqrt(x)+2)^2| +C
OR 2sqrt(x) +ln|(x-4sqrt(x)+4)/(x+4sqrt(x)+4)| +C