"Old Nurse's Story," by Elizabeth Gaskell, was written in 1852 during the Victorian era of literature. Gothic literature is more closely associated with the Romantic era, which ended about two decades earlier. The short story has many Gothic elements, but it shows the influence of the Victorian era as well.
Some of the Gothic elements of the story are the remote, isolated mansion; a locked east wing into which no one goes; secretive, long-time servants; the desolate fells surrounding the house (replacing the typical moors); an organ that plays by itself on stormy nights; a fireplace and chandelier that blaze and go out of their own accord; fits of passion, including an old man with "his hair streaming as in the blast of a furnace"; and ghosts.
The Victorians didn't abandon the Gothic, but they seemed unable to embrace it as freely as their Romantic counterparts had. They were more mature and wise, after all, than their emotion-ruled predecessors. So elements of realistic family drama, typical of Victorian novels, find their way into this story as well. The story features a controlling father, jealous sisters who both love the same man, a secret marriage, a hidden child, the father's wrath when the secret is discovered, and cruel violence. Telling the entire tale is a governess (called a nurse), a favorite Victorian character that appeared in novels such as Agnes Grey and Jane Eyre. The ancient Miss Furnivall, bitterly unable to move on from a past tragedy, anticipates Dickens's Miss Havisham from Great Expectations. It's notable that the nurse tells the story a generation after it occurred, as if to acknowledge that true Gothic action was a thing of the past during Victorian times. Another mark of the Victorian influence is the didactic ending. A true Gothic story would be content with providing enchantment to the reader without feeling the need to impart a life lesson, but Gaskell bludgeons readers with the tale's moral in the final lines of the story: "What is done in youth can never be undone in age!" And she has Miss Furnivall state it twice, just to make sure the lesson hits home.
Gaskell entertained her readers with plenty of Gothic elements but gave them a dose of Victorian wisdom at the same time, making the story a charming blend of Gothic and Victorian literature.
Saturday, May 17, 2014
How is "The Old Nurse's Story" by Elizabeth Gaskell similar to Gothic literature and how does it differ? In what ways is the book more Victorian rather than Gothic?
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