What debates surrounded the ratification of the Constitution, and how were they resolved?

There were several issues that had to be resolved in order for the Constitution to be ratified. One issue dealt with representation in Congress. Large states wanted unequal representation in Congress while small states wanted equal representation. They agreed to have two houses of Congress. In the House of Representatives, representation would be unequal as it was based on the population of the state. In the Senate, each state would have two senators, regardless of the size of the state.
Another issue dealt with trade. The North wanted Congress to control foreign trade. The South was against this. They agreed that Congress would control foreign trade, but only imports would be taxed.
Another issue that had to be resolved was if there would be one person who would run the government. People were afraid that one person would have too much power and might start acting like a king. They agreed to have a president head the executive branch, but the president could be impeached if laws were broken or if the president acted improperly.
A fourth issue dealt with how slaves would be counted when determining a state’s population, which was used to determine the number of representatives a state would have in the House of Representatives. The North did not want the slaves to count at all while the South wanted to count every slave. They agreed that every five slaves would count as three people.
There was a concern that the Constitution did not protect people’s freedoms or rights. Several states said they would not vote to ratify the Constitution unless these rights would be protected. An agreement was made to add a Bill of Rights to the Constitution, which became the first ten amendments to the Constitution. The Bill of Rights guarantees some of our basic freedoms, such as freedom of speech and religion as well as the right to bear arms.
Several compromises were reached when developing and ratifying the Constitution.
https://www.ushistory.org/us/15d.asp