This is an interesting question. I have seen defamiliarization discussed in Beowulf scholarship, but normally not in terms of there being defamiliarization in the epic itself. Rather, there has been some scholarly discussion about the effect of defamiliarization in certain translations of Beowulf, such as when the poem is (or has been) translated in aureate or late-medieval style. This has the effect of rendering the poem into another context: it makes it sound and appear late medieval, like a romantic or courtly poem, which forces us to look anew at the subject matter.
The question of defamiliarization in the poem itself, however, is a different one. Defamiliarization is a literary device or approach which forces the reader to view something familiar in a different way. It often means using deliberately poetic language in order to distinguish poetry from prose. As such, some scholars of Anglo-Saxon and Old Norse have suggested that the use of kennings, which are very much marked and formed speech, is itself an excellent example of defamiliarization.
In a kenning, an everyday object or concept is presented in a way that forces us (and the listening audience) to view it through the lens of poetry. In Beowulf, we see multiple examples of kennings, all of which give the reader/listener some guidance as to which elements of the described concept are of most importance at this moment. For example, when a king or lord is described as a "giver of rings and treasure," the poet is emphasizing his role as a provider, a person who is responsible for forming bonds of loyalty within a community. Another notable kenning in this poem include hronráde, or whale-road, to mean the sea—which creates an impression of vastness and the existence of the unknown, suggesting the difficulty of the travels that had to be embarked upon. You can undoubtedly find many others yourself.
I have given some links below that speak further about the concept of the kenning as an example of defamiliarization.
https://siegeoflondon.wordpress.com/2016/05/17/creating-kennings-at-birkbeck-college/
Monday, April 21, 2014
Are there examples of defamiliarization in Beowulf?
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