How did urban industrialization affect Americans’ lives outside of work?

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, urban growth was spurred by industrial growth as new technological developments, industries, and business practices combined to create what is now called the Second Industrial Revolution or, alternatively, the Gilded Age. Societal change accompanied these developments, especially as cities grew to meet new labor demands. For the first time in US history, more people lived in cities than in rural areas, as both men and women flocked to cities to fill factory jobs. Immigrants also contributed to this migration, creating diverse cities in which many immigrants clustered into communities or neighborhoods such as Little Italy and Chinatown. These waves of immigrants were also met with backlash and challenges; they faced anti-immigrant sentiment, low wages, and crowded living conditions in tenements.
Contrary to popular belief, the average standard of living rose for most Americans during this time period. Goods could be mass produced in factories, making them cheaper and more affordable. Previously, many Americans had made their own clothes and household items, but with the rise of industrialization, more Americans could afford to buy consumer products. Finally, in part due to the reduced need to make one's own goods and food, Americans had more leisure time. Pastimes such as baseball became popular, and in the twentieth century, the radio and the automobile would become symbols of American freedom, leisure, and consumerism.
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