Thursday, August 7, 2014

How would reader-response theory best be applied to "The Murders in the Rue Morgue"?

Reader-response theory is concerned with the experience of the reader in reading a text. Unlike New Criticism, which sees “literary meaning” as encoded in the text by the author, reader-response theorists see meaning as created by the reader in the act of actually reading the words. That is, until someone reads Poe’s story, there is no meaning. This has radical implications for understanding how literature works. If the reader is the person who “makes“ the meaning, then that meaning is bound to be very different from reader to reader. This is why many reader-response critics are interested in “interpretive communities.” Interpretive communities can be identified by looking at the sum of readings produced by many readers.
Poe really anticipated the reader-response movement. He writes explicitly (in his essay, “The Philosophy of Composition”) about how he structures his stories and poems specifically to create an effect and evoke an emotion in the reader. In that sense, his writing is a bit like a game, in that you can see stories like “Murders in the Rue Morgue” as a set of rules which, if followed, will cause a particular experience for the reader.
This “game” idea is explicitly referenced at the very beginning of the story, in the discussion of chess and whist as two modes of solving problems. The case of the “impossible” murders Poe lays out in the story is itself a kind of game for the reader, which, like whist, will require reason and imagination to solve. In fact, it is possible to read Dupin as a kind of stand-in for the reader. Like the reader, Dupin is presented with a set of impossible circumstances surrounding the murder. He is also similar to the reader in that his job is to figure out a solution to the puzzle. Unlike Dupin, however, modern readers likely have considerable experience with mystery stories, either through other books they have read or movies or TV shows they have seen. A reader-response reading of Poe’s story would evaluate how the reader’s experience of Poe’s story was mediated by these other experiences and seek to understand the significance of “mysteries” as a whole.

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