How did "interchangeable parts" change the production of weapons, warfare, and eventually the Industrial Revolution?

Think of your own experiences fixing things. When a screw comes loose, you can easily just grab a screwdriver and pop it back in. When something in a car is damaged, you can simply go and find a replacement and likely know what's going to work and what won't. If you lose your phone charger, you can ask a friend. And if you've ever been in a situation where you need that one special little tool or cable, odds are it's been frustrating, time consuming, and expensive going from place to place searching for just one tiny little item. Before interchangeable parts, everything had to be special order.
The introduction of interchangeable parts is the sort of thing that was revolutionary but also relatively understated compared to flashier inventions. Before, each item had to be made specially, start to finish, by the same individual or group of people. Mass production was impossible beforehand. The idea of assembling IKEA furniture would have been unheard of—without standardization, only those with craftsman skills knew how to build, for instance, a table. And if that table was to be damaged, such as a leg being broken, someone couldn't just go and ask for a replacement part or order an entirely new table with the same specifications to ensure it fits in their tiny kitchen. You would have to wait to get everything custom made by special people that knew what they were doing.
Interchangeable parts allows production of items to occur on a much larger and faster scale. Workshops of artisans/craftsmen and their apprentices began to move aside in favor of less skilled workers. This later lead to the assembly line and automated machines.
This production method was used to make weapons in the 19th century. The logic is simple—you can build more weapons faster and cheaper. More weapons equals more firepower. More firepower should give more of an edge over an enemy who has to wait for each gun to be built one by one. The same pattern followed with the industrial revolution. More goods and cheaper prices meant even more people had greater access to new developments and higher standards of living. These developments could be put back into the production process, making it even more efficient.
Some additional benefits included unskilled laborers being able to find more work possibilities, particularly in cities. Also with more people enjoying these goods, there was more demand and opportunity to study these items and develop them even further, leading to greater technological boom (including weapons development). It's difficult for a young, budding scientist with little means to study how electricity works if they have no access to it. Like many things in history, it's a domino effect.
https://www.eliwhitney.org/7/museum/about-eli-whitney/factory