An amoeba feeds on other microorganisms as opposed to performing photosynthesis. It captures its food by extending pseudopods around it prey and engulfing it.
An amoeba obtains its food through the process of endocytosis, which means engulfing something. When an amoeba is near a food particle, it projects two finger-like structures (known as pseudopodia) around the food particle. These projections, or pseudopodia, engulf the food particle and fuse over it, trapping it in a structure known as the food vacuole (which contains very little water).
Inside the food vacuole, the digestive enzymes secreted by the amoeba break down complex molecules into simpler ones, and the useful products are diffused into the cytoplasm of the amoeba. The waste materials, on the other hand, are secreted out of the cell through a rupture anywhere in the cell surface.
Interestingly, these finger-like projections (pseudopodia) can be extended from any part of the amoeba's body because it is shapeless.
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