A vesicle forms around a large molecule when the outer membrane of a cell, endoplasmic reticulum, or golgi distends and pinches off to form a new membrane around the molecule. As vesicles form, proteins will coat the membrane to shape the developing molecule "package" into a contained sphere. Once the vesicle containing its molecule is fully formed and separated from the cell where it originated, the coat proteins fall off, and the vesicle is free to transport the molecule.
To carry a molecule to its correct destination, the vesicle uses proteins to recognize its target. For example, if the vesicle is carrying a molecule to a lysosome organelle, it will carry specific proteins on its membrane that pair with corresponding proteins on the lysosome's membrane. This protein interaction sends a message to the vesicle that it has reached its destination.
Once the vesicle recognizes its destination, it fuses with the target through its membrane and releases the molecule it has been transporting.
https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cells/vesicles/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9886/
Tuesday, August 4, 2015
How do vesicles transport large molecules out of a cell?
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