what are some key ways to stop and/or minimize terrorism?

There are several types of terrorism and each need to be addressed separately.
One major type of terrorism in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries is that committed by oppressed minority groups who feel that their languages, religions, ethnic traditions, and cultures are marginalized and who suffer from poverty and lack of economic opportunity. Groups such as the IRA in Ireland, some of the Kurds in Turkey, some Palestinians, Basque and Catalonian separatists, Quebec separatists, the Uighurs in China, and the Chechen in Russia have committed terrorist acts in response to a belief that they were victims of repression and could not get justice any other way. In those cases where there has been successful resolution, such as Northern Ireland and Canada, the solution was political: namely, addressing the grievances to which the terrorist groups were responding.
In the case of Islamic terrorism in the twenty-first century, one of the major causes is a sense of isolation, alienation, disaffection, and resentment among young men who see Islamic jihad as a way to express their sense of rebellion and give meaning to their lives. Interestingly, these are usually not people who were particularly devout before joining jihadist movements, because the more deeply religious members of Muslim communities have more meaningful lives, grounded in faith and close social bonds. This is very similar to the psychology behind many of the mass shooting by domestic terrorists in North America, including both white nationalists and those affiliated with the "incel" movement. The young men involved in such shootings are typically fueled by some sort of rage and resentment, blaming society for their own personal sense of alienation.
Although better and more widely available mental health services and programs that build community and offer social and economic opportunities for more young people would not be a complete solution, they would help. In the United States in particular, stricter gun control measures would reduce the number of deaths from mass shootings.